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# Title: The Questions Concerning Liberty, Necessity, And Chance (shelfmark Leibn. Marg. 163)
# Folio 117, page id 1030877386:0129
# Original at the GWLB: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/resolve?id=1030877386&page=129
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cessety of a voluntary action cannot be, inferred the injustice of
the Lam thatforbiddethit. or of the Macistrate that punist.
ethit.
Secondly, Ideny that it makes consultations to be in vain;
ris the consultation that canseth a man, and necessicatethhim
rochoose r0 do one thing rather than another. So that unle (5
aman say, that canse to be in vain, which necessitateth the
effect, he cannot infer the superAnonsne(sof consultation ont
of thenecessiry of the election proceedine fromit. But it seems
bereasonsthus. TfI musts needs do this rather thanthot, then
I Ball dothis rather than that, thonch I consult not at alt:
rhichis a false proposition, a false consequence, and no better
than this. IfE Ban live till to morrom, Y Ball live rill 10
morron, thonch I run my sel throneh mith a sword to day.
Istbere be a necessity that an action sall be done, or that any
effect sai bebronshe topass, il d. es not therefore follom, tbat
thereis nothine nece (sarily requiredas a means tobrine it to
pass. And therefore rhen it is determined, that one thine
Ballbe chosen before another, tis detormined also for rhat
cause it Ball be chosen, which cause for the most part is delibe-
ration or consultation. And therefore consultation is not in
vain, and indecd the less in vain, by hon much the electionis
more n. cessitated.
Fhe same ansiver is tobe siven rothe third supposed incon-
venience; Namely, that admonitions are in vain, for ad
monitions arepares of consultations. The admonitor beine a
Connsailer for thetime. 10 him that is admonisted.
Thefourth pretended inconvenience is, tbat praise and dis-
praise, remard and punistiment will be in vain. 20 wbich I.
ansver, that for praise and dispraise, they depend not at all on
the necessity of che action praisedor dispraised. For, What is
it else topraise, but tosay athine is c00d. 600d, Y say for
me, orfor somebodyelse, er for the State and C. ommonvealth.
Andmbat is it to say an actien is cood, but tosay; it is as l
vouldvist. oras another vouldhave it, or accordine to the
willofthe State, that is tosay, accordiug to Lawe Does J.
D. think, that no action can ol. ase me or him, or the C ommon-
mealth, that souldproceed from necessitus 
LtC5.