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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 55, page id 778263916:0071
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perceire and sron the Idea oF Wrhire or Black, and quite another to exa
mine what kind ot parcieles thes must be, and ho ranged in the Superi
ficies to makce any Objeet appear irtrite or black.
5. 3. A PAINteF, Or DVer, Whonever enquired into their causes, haththe
Ideas oF Wrhite and Blacls, and other Colours, a5 clearly, pertectls, and
distinctr, in his Onderstanding, and perhraps more distinetiv than the ehi-
Jolopher, wrho hath bulied himselt in consicerine; their Natures, and thinlis
hiekenos tio lar cither ofthem is in its caule politire orprivatires andthe
Idea of Black i5 no lels posicive in his Mind, than that of. White, hou
ever che cause oF chat C olour in the exterrial Object, may be ouly a priva
tion.
8. 4. IFit verethe desisn or my prelent Vndertakins, to enquire into
che natural caules and manner of Perception, L Mould otter this a5 a rea-
Ton, why a privative cause mishe, in some cales at least, produce a positivé
Idea, viz. Fhat all Senlation beins produced in us, orily by different de
srees aud modes of Motion in our animal Spirits, variously agitated by
external Objects, the abatement ot any former motion, must as necesta-
rils produce a neu sensation, as the rariation or increase oF it; and (0 in-
troduce a new Ldea, Which depends only on a ditterent morion ot the ani-
Mal Spirits in ChaEOrgan.
6. 5. Butwhether this beso, or no, Lwill not here determine, but ap.
Deal to every ones own Experience, Whetherthe aclor oF a Man, chouxtr
it consists ol nothing bur theabsence of Lishr (and themorethe absence
OE Liehris, che more discernible is the Maclor) does not, ivhen aNIan
looles on ic, cause as elear and politire an Idea in hismind, as a Manhim-
selE, thoush coreredorer wich elear Sunstrine: And chepicture of a lha:
don, is a Politire chins. Indeed, We have nesative Names, to which there
De no politire Ideas; but they consist wholls in negation ol lome cer-
tain Edeas, as Silence, Tuvisible; but thele sienisre not any Ideas in thé
Minc, but their absence.
6. 6. And chusone may crulyibe Paidto sec Dartene(S. FOr SupPOLInS a
hole perfectls darte, trom Whence no ligtu is refected, tis certain one
may sec the tigure of it, or it may be painted; and irhether the Inte, lurrite
rith, matce ans other idea, is a queltion. The priratire caules Thave
here assigned ot politive Ideas, are accordine to the common Opinion;
but in truch ic will be hard to determine, Whether there bereally ariy Ideas
trom a priratire cause, till ir be determined, Whether Rest be any more a
privation, than Motion.
5. 7. Fodiscoverthe nature oE our Ldeas the Better, and to discourse ot
them intelligibly, it ill be convenient to distinguistr them, as they are
Ideas, or Perceptions in our Mincs; and as they are in the Bocies, that
cause such Perceptions in us: that sorve may not thinke (as pertraps usually is
donc) chat chey are exactly che imases arid resemblances oF lomethine in-
herent in the subject; most ot chose ot sensation beins in the Mind no
more the likeness of lomethins existins without us, than theWames chat
Atand tor them, are che literets ot our Ldeas, which y et upon hearins, ches
are apt to excitein us.
6. 8. Whatsoerer the Mind perceires in it sels, or is the immediate ob.
ject of Perception, Thoust, or Onderstandins, that I call Idea; and
the porver to produce any Ldea in our mind, P can Ouality ot ehie Subject
Wrherein that porveris. Thus a Snor-ball harins the porrer ro produce
in us the Ideas ot rrhite, Cold, and Round, the porvers to produce thole
Ideas in us, asthez are in the Snow.- Ball, Icall Qualities; and as they are
denlacions, or Percepcions, in our Undterwandires, l call ehem Ideas:
ntrictu