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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 73, page id 778263916:0089
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implex Ic
HI A P.
Al.
Of Complex Ideas.
Xdve hicherto considered chole Ldeas, in che receptiom
Wwhercot, theMind is only passive, Wrhich are thole simple
ones receired trom sensation and Reflection belorementioned, Whereot
the Mind cannor make any one to it selF, nor have any Idea Which docs
noc irholy consist otthem. But as these simple Ideas are observed to
exist in several Combinations united togecher; (0 ihe Minc has a POIEF
1o consider several of them united together, as onc Idea; and chat noc only
as ther are united in external Objects, but as it self hasjoined them. Ideas
thus madle up oF several simple ones put tosether, I call Complex; suchr a5
dre Beauty, Gratitude, a Man, an Army, the2niverse; Whichi though com-
plicated oE various simple Ideas, er complex Ldeas, macle ux ot simple ones,
yet are, when the Mind pleases, considered each by it sell, a5 one eneire
chins, and signitied by one namc.
6. 2. In this saculty of repeatine and joinine tosether ils Ideas, the
Mind has ereat pover in varvins and mulciplrins the Objects oF its
Thourhes, infinicelr bezond irhat sensation or Reftection Furnibhied it
ith: But all chis still confined to thole simple Ideas, wtich it received
trom chole tro Sources, and which are the ultimate MaterialS. OF all itS
Compolitions. For these, chey are all trom chines chemselves; and the
Mind can have nomore, nor other simple Ideas, than as they are suxee.
Aed tO it. IE ean have no other Ideas oF sensible Oualities, Fhan WHaE
cone trom withoutby the senles; nor anr Ldeas of other kind of Opcra-
tions of athintcins substance, thanerhat ic tinds in it selt: but Wrhen it has
once sot thole simple Ldeas, it is not contined barely to Obserration, and
Wrhat ofters it sel(trom mithout; it can, by iIS OWn DOVer, put tosether
those Ldeas it has, and mate neu complex ones, whiel it never receired
Co united.
5. 3. Complex Ideas, horever compounded and decompouvded, houpH
their number be infinire, and the variety endlels, Wherewich ther HIl, and
and encercain che Thoustus oCMem; yer, Ichirite, chex mas be altreduced
under these chree Heacs:
T. Modes.
2. Substances.
3. Relations.
d. T.
Pouncec Corcu er M ce ele suppolition et lubliltins by chemlelves,
buc are considered as Dependences on, or Afections ot Substances; luch
are the Ldeas Signitied by the words Triangle, Gratitude, Murther, (5c.
and il in ehis P usethe word Mode, in Comerhat a difterene senle trom
its ordinary significarion, Ibes pardon; it beins unavoidable in Dilcour-
ses, differine trom the ordinary received Notions, cither to malce ne
Words; or to ule old Words in Comenhat a ner signification; which in
our present case, is perhaps the more tolerable ot thE LWO.
S. g. First, Modes L call such complex Ideas, Which honever com.