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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 113, page id 778263916:0129
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Ma
Aodes
v)
C II A P. ZX.
Of Modes of Pleasure and Pain.
5. T. R moneA chetimple Ideas, Whichwe receive borh trom Senlation
a alsel Reflection, Pain and Pleasureare tivo verr considerable
Ones. FOr as in ehe BodY; there is Senlation barelr in its selt, Or accom
paried wich Pain or Pleasure: Po the Thoushe, or Perception of theNind
is simply (0, or else accommpanied alto wich Pleasure or Pain, DelighE ox
Trouble, call it hou rou please. These libe other simple Ideas CanNOL
be described, nor their Names detined; the ay oF lnovine them is, 25
oFthe simple Ldeas oFthe Senses, orly by Experience: For ro detine them
Dy the Presence of Good or Fril, is no otheririse to makce them LnoWn tO
us, than by malsins us resseet on Whar we scel in our selves, upon the se-
veraland various Operations ol Cood and Evil upon our Minds, 25 thcy
are ditterent applicd to, or considered By uS.
2. Thinssthen are 5ood or eril, ontr in reserence eo pleature or Pain;
That we call Good, irtrich is ape to caule or increase Pleature, or diministr
Pain in us; or else to procure, er preserre usthe possession of any ottiex
Codd, or absence or ans Lvil. And on the cortrary vename chat, Pvil
nhich is apt to produce or increase any Pain, or diministr any Pleasure
in us; Or else tO procure us anr Fvil, or deprire us of any G0od. By
Pleasure and Pain, Imust De understoodro mean of Body or Minc, asthey
are commonlu distinguisted; chouch, in truchu, cher be orty different
Constiturions of the Minc Comerimes occasioned by disorder in che Body,
Tometimes by Phouohts ot thoMind.
5. 3. Pleature and Pain, and that which caules them, G0od and Fril, are
thehinges on Which our Passions turn: and it re reslect on our selves
hon theleunder rarious Conliderations operate in us, irhat Modifications
Or Tempers of Mind, Wrhat internal Senlarions, (il l may, (0 call them, )
they produce in us, We may cherce torm ro our selves e Ideas oE oux
PaltIOnS.
5. q. Thus any one restectine upon che Flouxhc he has ot che Deliehe,
which any present or absent chins is apt 10 produce in him, hasthe Idea
We call Love. For When a Man declares in Aurumn, When he is carine
them; or in Sprins, wrhen there are none, that he loves Crrapes, it isno
more, but chatthe taste os Grapes delighes him; let an alteration oFLsealth
or Constiturion destroy che delixh oF cheir Faste, andherhen cam be laidto
love Crapes no longer.
5. 5. On che contrary, che Thoustit oPthe Pain which any chins pre-
senc or ablent is apt to produce in us, is Wrhat we call LTatred. Were it
my buliness here to enguire ary Farcher, than into the bare Ideas oF our
Pastions, as thes devend on different Moditications ol elealure and lain
Tcould remarke Fhat our Love and Flatred oF inanimare insensible Beines, is
commonly Founded on that Pleature and Pain ve receire trom their ule
and application any way to our senses, thouch ich cheir Destruction;
but Love and Flatred to Beinos capable of Ilappiness or Milery, is ottenthe
Painor Delight re hare in their very Beins or Ilappiness. Thusthe Beine
and Weltare oFa PlanS Children or Friends, producins constant Deliohe in
him, ho is laid constantly ro love them. But it SuIHCES LO nOte FhaE OUr
Ideas ot Lore and FTatred, are bue the Dispositions of the Mind, in re
speA OF Dlenturc and Fais in General honerer cauled in Us.
8. 6. The