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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 142, page id 778263916:0158
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Our Ideas of Substances.
S. FG. Besides the complex Ideas re have ot material sensible Substan.
ces, oF which Phave last spoken, by the simple Pdeas we have taken troin
thole Operations ot our omn Minds, re experiment dails in our selves,
as Thintcins, Onderstanding. Willing, Rnorine, and porver ofbeginnine
Motion, (5c. Coexistins in lome Subltance, we are able to Prame ihe com-
plex Idea ofa Spirit. Andthusby purtins together the Ideas oF Thinte-
ins. Perceirins, Liberer, and pover ot morins chemselves and ocher
things, re have as clear a perception, and notion, ol immaterial Substan-
ces, as re hareotmaterial. For purtinstosether the Ldeas ot Thintine
and Willing, or che porver ot movins or quietins corporeal Motion, joined
to Subostance, ot Wrhich we have no distinet Idea, we trave thc Idea ot Spi-
rit; and by puttins rogether the Ideas ot coherent solid parts, and a
poier oFbeins moved, joined with Substance, oF which likevile ve hare
nopolitire Idea, vehare the Idea oFNatter. The one is as clear and di-
Stinet an Idea, asthe other: The Idea oF Thinking, and movins a Body,
beins as clear and distinet sdeas, as the Ideas ot Extension, Solidity, and
beins moved. For our Idea oF Subltance, is equally obscure, or none ac all,
in boch; it is but a supposed, Thnou norwhat, to supportthole Ldeas, We
CalI. Accidents.
8. 16. By che complex Idea ot extended, Aigured, coloured, ane all
ocher sensible Oualities, Wrhich is all chat we lnow of ic, ve are as lar
from the Fdea ot the Substance oF BodY, as il re bner nochins ac alI:
Nor alter all the acquaintance and familiarier, wtrich ve imagine e have
wich Matrer, and the mans Qualities Men alture chemsclres ther per-
ceire and Hnom in Bodies, Will it, perhaps, upon examination be found,
chac ches have any more, orclearer, primary ideas belonsins to Body, than
they have belonsine to Spirit.
6. 27. The primary Ideas we have peculiar eo Body, as contradistingur
Medto Spirit, are the cohesion of solid, and consequentls separable parts,
and a poiver of communicatine Motion by impulse. These, Pchinti, are the
original Ideas proper and peculiar ro Body: Por Figure is bur the conte.
quence offinite Extension.
5 28. The Ideas ve have belonsinS, and peculiar 10 Spirit, are Thinte
inc. and Will, or a porver ot puttins Bocy into motion by Thorght, and,
Which is consequent to it, Libertr. Por as Body cannot but communi-
cate its Morion by impulle, to another Body, which ic meers witch at relt;
So the Mind can put Bodies into Morion, or Forbear to do 10, a5 it pleales.
The Ideas ot Exiltence, Duration, and Mobilier, are common to them boch.
5. F9. There is no reason wrhy it Mould De thouehe sranse, that I
matre Mobilier belone to Spirit: For havirs no orher Idea oF Morion, DuE
chanse of distance, ith ocher Beings, thacare considered as at rest; and
findine that Spirits, as well as Bodies, cannot operate, but wrhere they
are; and that Spirits do operate at several rimes, at several places. T con.
nOt but ettribute chanse oE place to all tinire Spirits: (For oF the intinite
Spirit, L Speak not here.) Formy soul beins a real Beins. as vell as my
Bodr, is certainly as capable of chansins ot dictance with any oiher B0.
dy, Or Being, as Body it selF; and so is capable ot Norion. And il a
Mlathematician can consider a certain dictance, or a chanse ot that di-
Stance betreen tro Points; one may cerrainls conceire a distance, and
a chanse ot distance between two Spirits; and so conceire their Motion,
cheir approach, or removal, onc trom another.
5. 20. Fverr one finds in himselE, that his Soul can think, ill, and
operate onhis Body, in the place where that is; buE CanNOE OpCrate On
2 Bod], or in place, an hundred Miles dittant trom ic. No body cam
imagine,