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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 149, page id 778263916:0165
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Collective Ideas ot Substances
even in thole, irhich scem most remote trom all e have to do with, ano
do intinitely surpals any chins, ve can perceive in our selves by Reflection.
or discorer by sensarion in ocher thinss, e can attain to nothine, bue
these simple Ideas, Which wre originally receivedtrom sensation, Or Reste-
ction, asis evident in che comiplex ideas we have ot Angels, and particu-
lariy oFGod himselF.
Thirdly, Tliat most oEche simple Sdeas, chat makee up our complex Ideas
ol Substances, Wrhen truly considered, are only Porers, holverer e are
apE to talse themtor volicire Dualities; v. 8. the grearelt part ot the Ldeas,
tliat makse our complex ldea ot Cold, are Zellomnels, sreat Weioht, Du:
ctility, Fusibilier, and Solubilier, in A9. Regia, (5c. aIl united together
in an unknorn substratum; all Whicti Ideas, are nothins else, but l0 ma-
ny relations to other substances; and are nor really in thc Gold it (elF,
thoush chey depend on thole real, and primary Qualities oF its internal
constitutiem, Wrherebs ic has a tirnels, difterently to operate, and be
Operated on by severa l other SubctanCeS.
Chrap.
CHI A P. XXIV.
Of Collective Ideas of Substances.
5. X. ID Fsides these complex Ideas oF severat single Substances, a5 ot
esat Lak. Ciold, Violet, Apple, (5c. theMind hath allo com-
plex collective Ldeas Ot ubltanees; WhichiI (0 call, because sueh Ideas are
macle up ot mans parcleular Substances considered tosether, as united in-
to one Laea, and irhicisto joined, are loolced on asone; v. 5. te Idea OF
such d collection ot Men as matce an Army, though consistins oF a preat
number or distinct Subllakes, is as muctione Idea, as the Ldea ol a Man:
And the oreat collectre Laca oF all Bodies Whatloever sixnitied by the
name Worid, isas much one Ldea, 25 the Idea of any the lealt Particle of
Macter init; it sufticins, to che units ot any Idea, that it be considered
as one Representation, or Picture, thoush made ux ot never (0 manr
Particulars.
5. 2. Fhese collective Ideas oF Substances, the Mind matres by irs
pover ot Composiion, and unitins severalls cither simple or complex
Ideas into onc, as it does, by the same Faculey, malse the complex Idéas ot
particular Subltanices, consistins of an agrrepare of divers limple Ideas.
united in one substance: And as the Mind by putting together the re-
Deaced Ideas oFVnity, maties the collectire Mode, or complex Idea ot
any number, a5 a SCOrC, Or a Crols, (5c. 50by putting cogether leve-
ral particular substances, it makres collectire Ideas oF Subltances, a5 d
Froop, an Army, a Swarm, a Citr, a Flcet 3 cach oF which, erery one
finds, thac he represents to his omn Mind, by one Idea, in one vier; and
founder that Nocion, considers the Thines themselves as perfectlr one
as one Strip, Or one Atom. Nor is it harder ro conceire, hom an Army
otren Thousand Men, Mould makre onc Idea, than hou a Nian Mould
milce one Ldea; it beins as easie tothe Mind, to unite into one, the Idea
Ot a great number ofMen, and consider it as onc; as it is to unite into
one particular, all the distin st Ldeas, that make up the composition oF a
Nan, and consider them altosether as one