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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 163, page id 778263916:0179
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Ctap. XX
III.
joat iat consusea ide
Idea ontr in MenS Minds, Men frequeney apply ehem to different Com
parisons of Thines, accordins eo their omn Imaginations, Which do not
alvays correspond with those of others, ulins the lame Names.
5. 20. Thiraly, Phat in thele T CalI Moral Relations, Phare a true NO:
tion of Relarion, by comparino the Action with the Rule, Whether the
Rule betrue, or False. For it Imeature any thins by a Tard, I HnOW
rhether the chins Imeature be longer, or Morter, than that suppoled
Tard, though, perhaps, the Lard I mealure by, be not exactls the Stan-
dard: Which, indecd, is another tinquirr. For thoughthe Rule Be erro-
neous, and Imistakre in it: yet che agreement, or disagreement ot that
Which I compare wich it, is erideney bnomn by me; wherein consits
my knomledse oE Relarion. Thoush mealurins by a Wrong Rule, P MaII
thereby be brouxht to judge amils ot its moral Rectitude; Decause I have
tricd it by thac ertrich is nor the true Rule: but am not mistatien in the
relation char action bears to chat Rule I compare it to, Which is aeree.
ment, or dilaercement.
CHAP. AANIII.
Of Cum aita Oosere, Distinet and Consused Ideas.
Aving Mewed the Original ot our Ideas, and considered the
leveral loris olchem, as Simple and Complex; and Bewed
the difference in Complex ones, betrixt those ofModes, Relations, and
Substances, all Which, Ithink, is necessary to be donc by any onc, Who
rould acquaint himselsthroughily with the progrels ot the Mind, in its
Apprehension and unoledsse ot Thines, it will, perhaps, be thouxht I
have drelt lone enoush upon the Fxaminarion of Ldeas. I mult, never-
chelels, crare leare ro otter lome sew other Considerations concernine
them. Ttic firstis, Thatlome areclear, and ottiers obseure; fome distinct,
andorhers confused.
8. 2. Perception ol the Mind, beine most apely explained by Nords re
latins ro the Sight, We all belt underltand irhat is meant by Clear, and
Obscure in our ideas, by restectins on what e call Clear and Obscure
in ehe Objects oF Sight. Light beins char which discovers to us visible
Objects, ve sire the name oiObscure, ro chat, which is not placed in a
Light, sufficient to discorer minutely to us theFisure and Colours, whick
are obserrable in it, and wtrich, in a berter Lizhr, would he discernable.
Thusour simple Ideas are clear, When they are such as the Objects chem.
selves, trom irhence they rere tatien, did, in a Well. ordered Senlation
Or Perception, prelent them. Whilst the Memory retains ehem thus, and
can produce themso, tothemind, When ever it has occation to consider
ehem, ther are clear Ideas. So Par as they cither vant ans thins oF that
original Fxactnels, or tave lost any of their Airst Fretnels, and are, a5 it
vere, taded or tarnistred by Time, (o Far arether obscure. Complex Ideas,
as tliey are made up of Simple: ones lo ther are clear wrhen the Ideas,
thac eo co their Compolition, arc clear; and the Number and Order ot
chole simple Ideas, chat are che lngredients ol any Complex one, is deter-
minate and certaim.
f. 3. The cause of Obscurity in simple Ideas, secus ove clister au
Orxans; or very Rislit and cranliens imprections made by ihe Objects: