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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 173, page id 778263916:0189
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Adequare and Inadequate Iaeas
6 Z. Therelore phere complex Ideas of Modes, When thez are refer.
bythemind, and intended eo correspond eo the Ideas in the Mind ot
some other intellisent Beins, expressed by che Names, we apply tothem,
they may be very deticient, irone, and inadequate. Because they agreo
noc to thar, Wrhich the Mind deligns to be their Archetrpo, and Pattern:
In Wrhichrespect onlr, any Idea oFModes can be vrons, impertect, or
inadequate. And on this account, our Ldeas oF mixed Modes are the most
liable to be faults ol any other: but this resers more eo proper. SpCalIME
chan unomins riglt.
6. 5. ThirdlY. What Ideas we have of Substances, Ttave above Bemed: No
thole Fdeas have in theMtind a doublerelerence: r. Sometimes ther are
reterred ro a suppoled real Fssence of each Species oF Things. 2. Some-
times they are enty delignd eo be Dictures and Reprelentations in the
Mind, oFThings that do exist, by Ideas thac are discoverable in them. In
boch ehich ways, thele Copies oftheir Originals, and Archetspes, are
impersect and inadequate.
First, It is ulual for nen to makre the Names of Subltances, sand for
Thines, as suppoled tohave certain real Rssences, Wrhereby ther are ot this
orthat Species: And Names Canding for nothine but the Ideas, that are in
MensMinds, they mult consequently reter their Ideas to luch real F Nen-
ces, as to their Archets Des. ThatMen (especially such as hrave been bredup
in the Learnins causlit in this part ofthe WOrld) do suppole certain spe-
citick FPlences ot Substances, Which each Indiridual in its several tindis
made contormable to, and partakes ol, is (0 tar trom necdins proot, that
it will bethoushe stranse il any one Mould do otherwise. And chusthoy
Ordinarils apply the specitiek Names, they rante particular Substances un
der, 1o Thines, as distinguistred by such specitick real F Sences. Who is
there almost, wrho vould not tale it amils, it it Mould be doubted, whe.
cherhe calldhimselF Man, with any other meanins chan as havins thereal
Fllence ot a Man: And yet il rou demand, What chosereal LNenCeSare, tis
Dlain Men are ignorant, andunom them not. Fromwhence it sollos, that
the Ldeas cher have in their Minds, beino reterred to real FsenceS aS Ar-
Chetypes trhich are untnomn, must be so tar trom beine adequate, thac
ther cannor be supposed to be any representation ot them at all. The
complex Ideas we have of Substances, are, as has bcen Mered, cerrain Col
lections of simple Ideas, that hare been observed or luppoled constanty
to exist rogertier. Bur such a complex Idea cannot De the real Fissence oF
any Subltance: For then the Properties re discover in thac Body, vould
depend on that complex Idea, aud be deducible trom it, and their neces
lary connexion wichi it De lnorn; as all Properties of a Friansle depend
on, and, as tar as they are discorerable, are deducible trom the complex
Idea oFthree Lines, includins a Space. Buc ic is plain, that in our com-
Plex Ideas et Subltances, are noc contained such Ideas, on whieh all the
Other Oualicies, that are eo be Found in them, do depend. Thecommon
Idea Men have ot Tron, is a Bodi of a certain Colour, Weioht, and ITarda
ness; anda Property chacthes look on as belonsins to it, is malleablenels.
Burvet this Properer has no necessary connexion with that complex Ldea
nor any part ot ic: and there is no more realon to thinki, that malleable.
nels devends on that Colour, Weiste, and Hardness, than that that C0.
lour, or that Weislu, depends on its malleablenels. And vet though we
lnor nochins oF thele real Fsences, there is nothins more ordinarr, than
that Men hould attribute the lores of Things to sueh Essences. The Par-
ticular parcel oF Matter which malses the Rins lhare on my Finser, is
cormordis, by most Men, suppoled ro have a real Esence, Wherety ix is
60d.