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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 179, page id 778263916:0195
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True ana L udse Id
8. 20. Complex Ideas are much more liable to be false in this respet
and the complex Ideas of. mixed Modes, much more than those of substances:
Because in Substances, (especially etiole, wrhich etie cormon and unbor
rorred Names ot any Language are applied to,) fome remartable sonsible
Oualities, serrins ordinarils to distinsuisti one fort trom another, casilu
preserre thole, erho talso any Care in thouse oftheir Nords, From apply
ins them to forts of Substances, to irhich ther. do not at all Betons: Bui
in mixed Modes, we are much more uncertain, it beins not lo cale
to derermine of several Actions; Whechenther areto be called fustice, or
Cruelty; Liberalitr, Or Prodicality. And (o ir reterrinsour Ideas tothose
oF other Men, calld by the Tame Name, ours may De false; and oux
Idea We cal) fultice, mas, verhaps, De that erhich oushe to have another
NaIC, sit
5I. D. LF. But Whether or noour Ideas ot mixed Modesare more liablothan
any FOrt, to be difterent trom thole olother Nen, arhich aro martied by
thelame Names This at lealt is certain, Thatthis sort ef Falshood is mucti
more familiarly artributed eo our Ideas oF mixed Modes, iban to any otber.
When a nan is thoushe to have a talle Idea ol fustice, or Gracitude, or
Clorr, iE is For no other Realon; butchat his asrees not rich the Ideas,
Which cach. OF tHOsC NNames are thC SignSOF IN OFHOKMCn.
The Reason whereof leoms ro me to be this, That, the abstract Ideas ot
mixed Nodes, Beino MenS voluntary Combinations of such a precise Co)
lection ot simple Ideas; and (o the tissenee ot each Species, Being made
br Nen alorie, whicreo re have no other sensible Standard, exictine any
ehere, but the Name ic soIP, or the desinition ol chat Name: We have no-
thins elle to reter chese our Ideas of mixed Modes toas Standards, to rhich
e ould contorm chem, but che Ldeas oFthole, Whoare thouxhe to ule
those Namos in their most proper Signitications; and so as our Ideas con-
Form or dittertrom them, ther pass for true or fasse. And thus nuct
concernins the Pruch and Falchood of our Ldeas, in relerence to their
Names.
6. +3. Secondly AS CO The Truth and Falstood of our Ideas, in reference
tothe reat Fxistence ot Things, evhien that is mado the Standard of their
Fruch none of them can be termed False, but ontr our complex Ideas of
Subltances.
5. F4. First, Our smple Ideas, beins Barely such Perceptions, as God
has ted us to receire, and siven Porverro external Objects to produce in
us by established LaWs, and Ways, suicable eo his Wisdom and Coodnels.
elionoh incomprehensible to us, their Truth consilts in nothins else butir
such AppCaranCeS, as are prodluced inus, and mustbe suirable to tholePovers.
hehas placed in external Objects, or else ther could nor be produced in us:
And chus ansverins those Porers, chey are irhat they Mould be, true Ideas.
Wor dothes become liable to ans imputation of Falthood, iEthe Mind (as
in mosten Pbeliere it docs) judges thele Ideas to be in the Things them
selres. For Cod in his Wisdom, having set them as Marks ot Distin-
etion in Thines, Whereby ire mar be ablo to discern one Thine trom
another; ane so chuse any of them Por oux uses, as e have Occasion:
IE alterS ROL thC NaturC OF our simple Idea, Whether we thinkc that the
Fdea oFBluc, Be in the Violet it selF, or in our Mind only; and only the
Pover ot producins it by the Texture ofits Parts, reflectins the Particles
OfLishe, alter ac errain Manner, to De in the Violet it selF. FOr that Tex
ture in che Objes, operatins regularis and constanly, producins thC
same Idea oF Blue in us, it serves us to distinguist, by our Py es, thac trom
ans octier Thins, Whether chac distinguistrins Mars, as it is realls in che
riotet