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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 181, page id 778263916:0197
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Frue ar Lcbst cuba
and other Conveniencies ot Lise, as his Riches and Fstate ill be suffici
ent io supply, and his Ctation requires, I have no falle Idea; but luctr
as represents an Action, cither as I And, or imarine it; and so is ca-
Pable ot reither Truch; or Falstrood. But When Pgire chename Frusality,
or Verrue, to this Action, then it may be called a false Idea, if thereby it
De suppoledto aoree ithi that iaea, to Which, in proprietr of specchu, the
name of Frusaliey doch belons; or to be contormable ro that LaWr, erhich
is the Scandard ot Tertue and Vice.
6. X8. Thiraly, Our complex ideas of Substances, heins all referred to
Patterns in Thines themselves, mar be false. That they are aI False-
nhen loohed upon as the Representations oF the untnomn Psences ot
Thinss, is so evidene, thac there necds nochine 1o be laid oF it. I MaiI
cheretore pals over that chimerical Suppolirion, and considerthem a5 COl.
lections of simple Ideas in the Mind, taken trom Combinations oF simple
Ideas exillins cogether constantls in Things, ol rrhich Patterns, tlier
are che suppoled Copies: And in thisrelerence of them, io the exiltence
Ol Thinss, they are false Ideas: T. When they put together simple Ideas
ertrich in the real Fxistence of Things, have no union; as wrtien tothe
Stiape, and size, that exist together in a HTorle, is joined, in the sae COM-
Dlex Idea, the porer oF Bartrins lile a Dog: Which three Ideas, hour-
ever put together into one in the Mind, ivere never united in Nature;
andchis theretore may be caltec a talse Idea ol an Horle. 2. Ideas ot
Substances are, in this respect, also false, when trom ans Collection of
simple Ideas, that do alvars exist tocether, there is separated, by a direct
Negation, any ochier simple Idea, Wrhich is constaney joined rith them.
Fhus il co Fxtension, Solidier, Fulibility, che reculiar Wcishrincls and vel.
Jo Colour ol Gold, any onc join in his Thouglus the Negation oE a
freater deorce of tixedness, chan is in Lead, or Copper; he may be laidto
have a false complex Idea, as Well as When he joins to thole other simple
ones, the Idea ot pertect absolute Fixednels: for either waz, the complex
Idea oF Ciold beins made up of such simple ones, as have no union in
Nature, may be termed false. But il he leare out of this his complex Idea-
that ot Fixednels quire, rithout cither actually joining to, or separa-
tins of it trom the rest in his Mind, it is, Pthinls, to be looled on, a5 an
inadequate and impertect Idea, rather than a False onc: since thoustr ie
contains not all che limple Ideas that are united in Nature, set it puts
none cosecher, bur whac do really exist togetler.
8. F9. Thoush in compliance with the ordinary ay oF Speakine,
trave Bewed in whrat sense, and uxon whrat ground our ldeas may be
Tometimes called true, or false; vet il e rill looke a litele nearer into the
matter in all cales, where any Idea is calld erue, or false, it is trom lome
Jucoment that the Mind makres, or is supposed to malce, that is true, or FaISC.
FOr Truth, or Falshood, beins ne ver without some afirmation, or Negatiop.
Exprels, Or Pacit, it is notro be founc, but wrhere ligns are joined or
Separated, accordins to the aoreement, or dilaoreement, ot the Things
elier stand for. The sions we chicsy ule, are cither Ideas, or Words;
hereich re makre cictier mental, or verbal Propolitions. Truth lies in
sojoinins. or separatins chese Representatires, as che Thinssthey Aand
for, do, in themselves, derec, or dilagree: and Falthood in the contrary,
25 Mhall De more sully Mhewed hereatter.
5. 20. Any Idea then, re hare in our Minds, Whether contormable, Or
not, tothe existence of Things, Or to any Ideas in the Minds oF ocher
Men, cannot properly for this alone be called talse. Lor these Represen.
rarions, il ches hiave nochins in chem, buc wtiat is really exittins in
Thines