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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 208, page id 778263916:0224
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Names of Substances.
Lomprehended under thole mords, with which chez are (0 armed at all
points, and with whichther so contulenely lay about them. I MalL imo-
sine Phare done lome Service ro Truth, Peace, and Learnins, it, by any
enlargement on this Subject, I con make Nen reflect on their omn Vic
ot Languase; and sive them realon to suspect, thac lince iE is trequene
For others, it may allo be possible Tor them, to have lometimes very qood
and approved Words in cheir Mouths, and Writines, wich very uncertain,
lictle, or no signitication. And theretore it is not unreasonable Por them
eobe arr herein cheriselres, and noc eo be unwilling to have them exa-
mined by others. Wich chis desion cheretore, I Mall 80 onwith WHaEI
have Farther to lay, concernins chis matter.
Of the Names of Substances:
5. T.
Tse common Names of Substances, as Well as otter serierat
Terms, stand for Sorrs: Which is nothins else but thebeins
madle sions of luch complex Ideas, Wherein several particular Substances
do, or might aoree, by virtue oF which, ther are capable to be com-
prehended in one common Conception, and be signitied by one Name:
PCay, do or wislt aeree: For thoush chere be bur one sun existins in
ehe Worid, et the Idea ot it beins abstracted, (0 as that more substances
(il there ivere several) mighe cach apree in it; it is as much a Sort, a5 jf
there rrere as mans Suns; a5 there are Stars. They rant noc their Rea-
Pons, utro thinse chere are, and that cach Axed Star, vould ansver the
Idea the name sun Cands For, to one wrhro rvere placed in a due diltance.
Wrhich, by che war, mas Mer us hor much the Sorts, or, il vou pleale,
Genera and Species oF Fhings (For those Larin terms signitie 10 me, no
more thanthe Enslimtr word Sort) depend on such Collections ot Ideas
a5 Men have made; and nor on che real Nacure of Fhinos: since tis not
impossible, buc that in proprietr of Speech, that mishe be a Sun toonc,
Which is a Star tO another.
8. 2. The measure are boundary of cach Sore, or Species, Whereby it
is conscitured chat particular Sorr, and distinguistied trom others, is that
We call ies Fssence, Wrhich is nochins Dur that abstract Idea; to ubich ihe
Name is annexed: 50 thac erery thins contained in that Idea, is elsentiat
Fothat Sort. This, though it be all the Ksence oE natural Subltances,
that we leno, or by wrhich re distinsuist them into Sorts; vet Icall ic
by a Deculior name, the nominat Pssence, to distinguistr ic From chat real
Consticurion ot substances, upon which depends this nominal Essence,
and all the Properties oE chat Sore; Which cheretore, as hasbeen saie,
may De called the real FPence: V. 5. che nominal Fsence ot Crold, is.
that complex Paea the ord Crold Cands For, let it be, Por instance, a
Body vellon: ot a certain weislu, malleable, fusible, and Axcd. But the
real Pssence, isthe constiturion ot the insentible parts of that BodY, on
erhich those Oualities, and all the ocher Proxerties of Grold depend. FTou
Far chese ero are difterent, thouxhcher are both called Pserec, is obrious,
AE ArA LiGHE, to discOVer.