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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 215, page id 778263916:0231
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Names of Substances.
real Fssence it sel(, it is impossible eo bnor alL thole Properties, That ROW
trom it, and are (o annexed to it, that any one ofthem beins avar, re
may certainly concluile, that that Rsence is not there, and so the Phine
is noc ofthat Species. We can never Hno wrhat are the precile num-
ber of Properties, dependins on the real Kssence ot Gold, any onc oF WhicH
failins, the real Fssence ot Ciold, and consequentir Gold, vould not Dc
there, untess we lne the real F. Sence oF GOId it selF, and by chat de
termined that Species. By the Nord Gold hero, Tmustbe understood to
delion a particular picce otMatter; 2. g. the lalt Cuiriea that Was coind.
For it it Mould stand here in its ordinary Signification for that complex
Idea Wrhich I, Or any one else calls Gold: i. e. For the nominal Fssence
of Cold, it vould be Fargon: Pohard is it, to Bew the rarious meanins
and impersection of Words, wtien e have noching elle but Nords eo do
it Dy.
5. 20. By all erhich it is elear, Tnat our distincuistine substances inte
Species Dy Names, is not at all founded on their real Pssences; nor can
We pretend toranse, and determine them exactls into Species, accordins
co internal essential differences.
B. 2F. But Cinco, as is atorelaid, re hare necd ot general Words; tho
re bno not the real Eslences ot Thines; all re cando, is tocollect lueti
a number ot simple Ideas, as by rixamination, re find to De united togei
cher in Things existins, and chereof to matce one complex Idea; Whick
thouoh it be not the real Lllence ot ans Subltance that exilts, is vet the
Specisick Fssence, to Which our Namo belones, and is corivertible witk its
DV wtrich wemay at least try the Truch oF chese nominal EssenCCS. POr
Fixample, chere bechat lay, thar che Psence oF Body is Eixtension: IF il
b0 l0, re can never mistalce, in puctins che Flsence ot ans chin Por the
Thins it SCIF. Let us then in Discourle, put Sxtension For Body; and irhen
we vould Cay, that Body mores, let us lay, that lxtension mores, and
sec hor it will look: And he that sould lay, thatonc Extention, by Im
pulle mores anocher lixtention, vould, by the bare tixprection, sustici
entlr Be che absurdier of such a Notion. The Fssence oF any thins.
in respeet otus, is therhole complex Idea, comprehended and marked by
that Name; and in Substances, Beldes the sereral distinet Ciriple Ideas
that makce them up, the contuled onc of Substance, or ot an unkenonn
Suppore and Cause ostheir Vnion, is alvars a pare: And therolore the
Fssence oF Body is not bare Fxtension, bur an extended solid thino; and
soro lay, an extended solid chins moves, or impels another, is all Onc,
and as intelligible, as to lay, Body moves, or impels. Lilcewile, to lay.
that a rational Animal is capable ot Converlation, is all onc, a5tolay, à
Man. But no one will lay, Thac Rationalits is capable ol Converlarion,
becaule it matres not the whole Flence, to which e sire the Name
Man.
8. 22. There are Creatures in the World, thathare Mapes like ours, but
are hairy, and rant Languase, and Realon. Therc are Naturalsamonest
us, that have pertectis our Chape, but rant Realon, and lome ol them
Language 100. Thereare Creatures, as tis laid, (sit fides penes Authorem
but chere appears no contradiction, that there Mould be luch,) that rith
Languare, and Reason, and a Chape in other Thinss agreeins with ours,
trave hairy Pails; others wrhere che Males have no Beards, and others
erhere the Females have. IFit be astred, Whecher thele De aII Men, OrnO
all of humane Species; tis plain, the Quection resers only to eho nomi-
nal FNence: For thole to nhom the definition of the Nord Man, Or thO
complex Ldea, sixritied by chat Name, aerees, phe are Men, and che 
EBEL