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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 217, page id 778263916:0233
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Names of substances.
denominatelt LMIIIBS, Dy chole sensible Oualities they Fourid in them
chereby ro sionitie chem, When absent to ochers, Whether chey had an oc-
calion tomention a Sort, or a particular Thins.
9. 25. Since then it is evident, thac we sore and name substances pr
their nominat, and noc by their real RNTenCeS, Fhe next FhinO tO bC COn(I
dered is, hou, and by ihom chese Fssences eome to be made. AS FOthO
latter, tis evident ther are made by the Mind, and not by Natyre: FOr
vere cher Natures Norkmanthip, eler could not be lo various and disse:
rent in several Nen,as tis evidene thez are. For il we will examine it, ve
MaII not find the nominal E ssence ot any one Species of Substances; in aIl
Menthe lame;no noc ot chat, Wrhich ot ail octiers ve are the most intimote
ly. acquainted with. I could not portibly be, thatthe abstraet Idea, to Which
the name Man is siven, Mould be difterent in several Men, il it rvere ot
VatureS maktinss and that to one it Mould De Animal rationale, anid to
anotlier animal implume bipes latis unsuibus. Ile Ellat annexes ElIC NaC
Man, 10 2 complex Idea, made ux oF Sense and spontaneous Motion
join d to a Bods oF such a Mape, has thereby one Fssence oF the Species
Man: And he chat, upon Carther examination, adds Rationalitr, haS ano-
ther Fssence oFthe Species he calls Man: By Wrhich means, thc same Ir.
dividual will be a true Man tothe one, trhich is not (0 to the OtHer.
chinls, there is scarce any one will allor chis upriohu Figure, (o Wei
lnown, to be the essential difference ol the Species Man; and ret hou
tar Nlen determine ol the Porrs oF Animals, rather by their Shape, than
Descent, is very visible; since ic hasbeen more than once debated, Wrhe-
cher several humane Faerus Mould De preserved, or received to Baptism
or no, only because of the difference of their outmard Contiguration,
trom the ordinary Mate of Children, ichout bnowins Whether they
ivere noc as capable ot Reason, 25 Intants cast in another Mold: Some
Wrhereot, thoushi ot an approved Mape, are nerer capabie of as much ap.
pearance oF Realon, aII their Lives, a5 is to bc Found in an APC, Or aM
Flephant; and never sire any sions ot beins actedby a rational Soul.
Whcrebr it is eridene, thac the outward Figure, erhich only ras Found
trantine, and not the Paculty of Realon, Wrhich no body could lnon
rould be vantine in its due sealon, as made ellential to the hiumane
Species. Thelearned Divine and Larrrer, must, on such occasiOnS, re-
nounce his sacred Detinirion oF Animal Rationale, and substitute lome
Ocher FNence oF the humane Species.
8. 26. Wherein chen, vould Pgladly lnor, consists the precile and
unmovable Boundaries of chaL Species: Fis plain, if e examine, there is
no Tuch chine made by Nature, and establistred by Fler amongst Nen. The
real Fssence OEFIAL, Or any Ocher Pore ot Substances, tis crident we knon
nOC: and therelore are (o underermined in our nominal F Sences, WhicH
re male our selves, that il several Mon vere to be astred, concernine
Tome odly- Maped Faetus, as SoOn as BOrH, WHether IE Were a NTan, Or nO;
Eis past doube, one Mould meet with difterent Ansivers: Which could nor
happen, iF chenominal F Sences, Whereby we limir and distinguis the Spe-
cies ef Substances, vere noc made by Mlan, with lome libertr; but vere ex-
actly copied trom precise Boundaries set by Nature, whrereby it dictinguisti d
all Substances into certain Species. Who irould undertalce to resolve, irhat
Species that Monster Was ot, irhich is mentioned Dy Licetus, lib. T. C. 3.
with a ManS FTead, and HIOgSBOdY: Or thole ortier, trhich to the BO-
dies oF Men, had the HIcads oF BCalts, a5D095, HTorses, (5c. IF any ofthe(c
Creatures had lived, and could have spolce, it vould have increaled the
difticuler. Had eheuxper part, r0 che middle, been os hunmne Mape, and