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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 224, page id 778263916:0240
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Names of Substances.
to be apprehended. For Che Idea, Or Flence, otthe several Ports of ati-
fcial Things, consilting, for the most part, in nochins but the deteri-
nate Figure of sen siblePartsand sometimes Motion depending thereon, WrhieM
the Artificer Fastions in Matrer, such as he Ands for his Turn, it is not be-
rond the reach oF our Faculties eo attain a certain Idea thereot; and (0
Setrle the signitication ot the Names, Whereby the Species ot artificial
Thinss are distinguistied, wich lels Doubt, Obscuritr, and E quivocation,
than ive can in Things natural, Whose differences and Operations depend
apon Contrivances, bezond the reach ot our Discoveries.
8. 40. Imust De excused here, it Trhinte, artisiciat Thines are of distinet Spe-
cies; 25 Well as natural: Since I And they are as plain, and orderly ranted
into lores, and have distinet complex Ideas, to Which we sive general
Names, 25 much distinet one trom another, as natural Substances. POF
Wrtr Mould we not chinkE a Wateh, and Pistol, as distinet Species one trom
anOther, a5 a FTorse, and a D0G, ther beins expressed in our Mindsby di-
stinct Ideas, and to others, by distinct Appellations:
5. +F. This is tarcher to be obserred concernins substances, that tley
alone oF aIL Our several TOrES OF Ideas, have particular, or proper Names,
Wrhereby one onty particular Thing is signisied. Becaule in simple Ldeas,
Nodes, and Relations, it seldom happens, that Men have occalion to
mention osten this, or that particular, whren it is absent. Beldes the
Greatest part of mixed Moces, beins ACtions, Wtrich peristr in their Birth,
are nor capable of a laltine Duration, as Substances, Which are the AetOrS;
arid lierein thecomplex Ideas, deligned by char Name, have a lactins
Union.
5. 42. Imust beg Pardon oF my Reader, For havins drele so lono yp-
this Subject, and perhaps, with some Ooscuritr. But I delire, ie may De
considered, nou dissicult is is, 20 lead annther by Words into the Thouchis
of Thines, Pripp d of those specisicat differences e sive them: Which
Things, if Pnaime nOt, P Pay nothins; and it Ido name them, I chercby
ranle them into some Tort, or other, and luggest to the Mind the usual ab-
Stract Idea oFthat Species; and (o cross my purpole. For to talk oF a
Man, and to lay br, at ehie same time, the ordinary sipnification ot the
NarieMan, Which is our complex idea, ulually annexed to it; and bid
ehe Reader consider Man, 25 he is in himselt, and Whereby he is really
distinguiltied trom orters, in his internal Constiturion, or real FsenCC;
that is, by somethine, he Hnows nor what, lools like tritting: and y et thus
one mustdo, irtro would speak ot the suppoled real Ksences and Species
ot Things, as thousht to bemade by Nature, if it be but only to matie
ic underttood, that chere is no sueh chine signisied by che general Names,
Substances are calld by. Bur becaule it is difficult by bnomn Familiar
Namesto do this, sire ine leave to endcavour by an lxample, to matre
the different Consideration, the Mind has oF specitick Names and Ideas,
2 lictle more elear; andro Mew how ihe complex ideas ot Modes, aro
reterr d Cometimes to Archetypes in theMinds oF other intellisent Beinss;
Or Which is the lame, to the lisnitication annexedby others, co theirreceire d
Names; and lometimes, tono Archetrves at all. Cive me leare allo ro sheW
hor theMind altrays retersits Ideas oF Substances, cither ro the Substan-
ces Fhemselves, or co the ionification ot cheir Names, as to their Arche.
Erpes; ancalso to malse plain the Nature of Species, or Cortins ot Things,
as apprehended, and made use oF by us; and oF the Fsences belonoinst0
thole Spccies, irhich is, perhaps, ot moreMoment, to dilcover the Extent
ind Certainty oF our Rnomledse, chan re at trst imagine.
. 13. L. ~ 5 suppose adam in che State ota proun Man, witha 50odVn.
derctan.
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