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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 228, page id 778263916:0244
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Particles.
EI A
Of Particles.
8. T.  D Fsdes Nords, Which are names oF Edeas in theMind, there
are a preat mans others that are made use ot, to signifre the
connexion that the Mind gires eo Ideas, or Propositions, one vith apottier.
The Mind, in communicarinq vith octiers, does not ont need sions Ot
che Ideas it hasthen betore ic, but others also, to Bier or intimate lome
particular action oF ies omn, atthatcime, relarino to chose Ideas. Fhis je
does leveral Ways; 25, I5, and Is not, are the general martes ot the Mind;
atirmine or denring. But besides astirmarion, or negation, without nhicti
chere is in Nordsno Frurh or Faltood, the Mind does, in declarino its
Sentiments to orhers, connect, nor only the parts ot Propostions, Dut
Whole sentencesone to anocher, with their sereral Relations and Depen:
dencies, to malce a coherent Discourse.
5. 2. The Nords, Whereby it signities irhat connerion it oires eo thé
several AAirmations and Nesations, that it unites in onc continied Reaso
nins or Narration, are generally calld Parricles: and tis in the rightule oF
thele, thatmore particularls consists the clearness and beautr of a 500d Stile.
Tothinke vell, it is nocenouxh, that a Man has ideas clear and distinet
in his Thouxhts, nor chat he obserres che acreement, or dilagreement ot
Tome OF them; bur he must thinke in train, and observe the dependen.
ey ot his Ttiouxhts and Reasonines, one uxon anottier: And eo express
vell such methodical and rational Thouehs, he must have words to sen
utrat Connexion, Restriction, Distinction, Opposition. Fmphasis, c. He
sires to cach respective part of his Discourse. Pomistalie in any ol thele,
is to pu2zlc, instead os informine his Flcarer: and theretore it is, that
thole rords, which are not trulr, by themselres, the names of anY Ideas,
are of such constane and indispensible use in Languase, and do so mucti
contribute to Mens Well expremine themlelres.
5. 3. This PartoF Grammar has been, perhaps, as much neglected, a5
fome others over dilixently cultirated. Fis easie For Men torrrite, one
aster anorher, ot Cases and Genders, Moods and Tenses, Gerunds and Su
pines: In thele and che like, there has been grear diligence used: arid
Particles themselres, in lome Languases, havebeen, with great peir ot
exactness, ranked into chcir several orders. Bur thouoh Prepositions and
Conjunctions, ec. are names ell bnora in Grammar, and the Particles
contained under, them, caretully ranked into their dictinet subdivilions; vet
he rrho vould Men the rixhe use oF Particles, and what signiticaney and
torce they have, must take a lictle more pains, enter into his omn FhougHIS,
and obserre nicely che several Poctures oF his Mind in discourtins.
6. q. Neither is it enough, For the explainins of these Nords, eo render
them, as is usirall in Dictionaries, By Words oF another Longue WhicM
came nearest totheir signification: For Wharis meane by chem, is common.
Iy as hard to be underttood in onc, as anocher Languape. They are all
martes of some action, or Intimation of the Mind; aud theretore to under-
cand them rixhels, the several viens, postures, stands, turs, limitations,
and exceptions, and leveral ottier Thouohes ot the Mind, For wtrich ne
hrave cithiernone, or very deficient Names, are diligently to be Cudied.
Ofthele, there arc a great rariety, much exceeding the number ot Par-
ticles, chat most Languases have io express them by: and cheretore it is
nOE