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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 272, page id 778263916:0288
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lixtent of FTumane Lnomledse.
BoOR LV.
And if ie linew chele primory Oualities oF Bodies, wemight have realon to
tiove, e mislut be able tolinor a great deal more ot thele Opcrations ot
ehem onc uxon another: But our Minds not beine able to discover any
connexion betwixt chele primary qualities of Bodies, and ehe lenlarions that
ore produced in us by them, e can never be able to ectablith certain and
undoubred Rules, ot the Consequence or Co existence ot any secundaris
Oulities, thoush re could discorer the lize, tigure, or motion of thole in-
Cible Parts, Trhich immediatelr producethem. We are (0 tartrom lnorine
Wrhattigure, sizo, or motion oF parts produce a rellor Colour, 2 lveet
Tacte, or a Marp Sound, that re can by no means conceire hou any
Sire, fgure, or motion otany Particles, can possibly produce in us ttie Idea
oF ans Colour, Talte, or Sound Whatsoever, chere isno conceivable con-
rexion becrixt the one andthe other.
5. 24. In vain theretore all re endeavour to discover by our
Tdeas, Cthe onlr true way of certain and universal Rnowledse,) Wvhat
Other Ideas are to be found constanels joined with thac of our com-
plex idea ot ans Substance; since we neither bnom the real Consticurion
ot the minute Parrs, on Which their Oualities do depend; nor, did We
Hnom them, could re discover any neceltars connexion betreen them,
and any ofelie secundary Oualities; Wrhich is neceltarr tobe done, Betore
re can certainy Hnowtheir necessarr co. existenco. S0 that let our coniplex
Idea oF any Species os Substances, be What it vill, we can hardly, trom
the simple ideas contained in it, certainty determine the necellarr co-
existence ofany other Oualiey trhatloever. Our Rnormledse in all these
Enquiries, reaches very lictle Farcher than our Experienco. Indced, Pome
ferr os etie primary dualiries have a necestary devendence, and visible
connexion one with anocher, as Figure neceslarili suppoleS FXtenSION,
receirins or communicatine Morion by impulle, suppoles salidier. But
thouohthese, and perhraps lome others of our Ldeas have; yet there are
Porre seu ofthem, that have a visible Connexion one with another, that we
ean by Intuition or Demonstration, dilcorer the co.existence ot verr for
oFche Oualities are eo be found uniced in Substances; and we are lese
only tothe assistence oFour Senses, to makie Bnon to us trhat Oualities
they contain. For al the Oualities that are co existent in any subject,
Wittiout chis dexendence and evident connerion of their Ideas one vict
another, e cannor lnom cerrainly to co exist ans Parther, than FxPe-
rience, by our Senles, informs us. Thus thoush re sce the yellor Co-
Jour, and upon trial find the Weight, Malleablenels, Pusibility, and Fixed.
Bels, chat are united in a piece oF Ciold; vet because no one ot cheso
Ideas hasany evident dependence, or necellars connexion with the other;
re cannot certaints bnoir, that where any Tour oF chele are, the Histh
will be chere also, hon hishly probable foever it may be: Becausethe
higheit Probabilies, amounes not 1o Certainey; wichour which, there
can be no true Rnomledse. For this coexiltence can be no Farther
trown, than ic is perceired; and it cannot be perceived, buc cirter in
particular Subjects, By the obserration of our Senses, or in general, Dy che
necellari connexion oE the Ldeas Themselves.
8. 25. As to incompatibility or repuenancy to co existence, We may KnOW.
chac any Subjeet can have ot cach lort ot primaris Qualities, but one parri
Cular aE once, v. 5. Cach particular Extension Ficure, number ot Parts, Mori
om exeludes all orher of each kind. The likro also is certain of all sensible
Ideas peculiar to esch Sense; For Whatever of cach hind is prelent in
ans Subject, excludes all ocher oF Fhat lOrT; v. g. no one Subject can
have cWo Srgello, er Cro Colours, at che lume rime. L0 chis, pertape
vil.