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# Title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 38; ZEN Leibn. Marg. 38)
# Folio 292, page id 778263916:0308
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Onivers at Propos
BOOKV
D. LT. Besides Trur CaHCH MMthe Arict sense betore mentioned chere
areothet seres e Lru, do T. Moral Truth, Wrhich is speakins Things
accordins ro the perluation of our orn Minds, though the Propolition ne
Speak agrec nottothe realier of ThingS. 2. Metaphysical Truth, Wtict i5
nochins but the real Pxistence of Phings, contorimable to the Ideas LO
Wvhrich rehare annexed theirplames. This, thouoh it scems to consist
in thevery Beings of Things, vet Wrhen considered a little neartr, ill
appear to include a tacit Propolition, Whereby the Mind joins that parri-
cular Thine, to the Idea it had betore setledrith a name to it. Bur these
Considerations of Fruch, cither having been betore talten notice ot, Or
noc beins much to our present purpose, it mas sustice here only to hare
mentioned thci.
OfUntbusat Lropdiaiio, their Truth and Certaincy.
Houeh the examinns and judgins ot Sdeas By themlelves
their Names beins quire laidalide, Berhe best and Curest way
eo clear and diltinet hnomledse: Vet through the prevailine custom ot
ulns Sounds for Ideas, Ichink it is very seldom practised; and every onc
may obserre hor common it is tor Names to bemade ule of, instead of
the Ldeas themselres, even when Men chink and reason within cheir ovn
Brealts; especialls itithe Ldeas be very complex, and made ux of a great
Collection oF simple ones. This mates the consideration of Words and
Propositions, (0 necessary a part of ihe Treatise of Knomledee, thactis
verr hard to speak intelligiblr oF the one, withont explainins the other.
8. 2. AUchehnomledse rehave, beins onls ot particular or general
Truths, tiserident, that vhatever may be done in the former ofthele,
tho latter, rrhich is that which wich Reason is most Coueht alter, can never
bervellmade known, and is very seldom apprehended, but as conceived
and expressed in Wrords. It is not therefore out of our waf, inthe Fxami-
nation of ourHnomledge, to enquire into the Truch and Certainty oluni
verlal Propositions.
8. 3. But chat e may nor be mit led in this case, by chat which is the
danger every. Where, Imean by the doubetulnels oF Terrs, tis AE to ob.
serve, that Certainty is trosold; Cerrainty of Trurh, and Certainty of
sxouledee. Cerrainty oF Truth is, When Nords are s0 put togetter in
Propolirions, as exactlr to express the cereement or disaereement ot the
Tdeas they stand For, as reallz it is: Certaints of Hnowledse, is t0 per.
Ccive the agreement or disagreement oF Ideas, as expressed in any Propo-
Sition. This e ulualls calllnorins, or beins certain olthe Truth of any
Provolition.
5. 4. Vou becaule ve cannot be certain of the Truch of any generat Pro-
position; untess ve tenou the precise bonnds and extent of the Species its
Termsstand for, it is necessary e Mould Hnow the FPence ol cach Species.
rhich is chat which constitures and bounds it. This, in all simple Ideas
and Modes, is not hardto do: For in thele, the real and nominal L. Pence
beins the same; or, Which is allone, the abstraet Idea, the general Term
Rands For, beine the sole Fllenco and boundarr, that is or can De suppoled,
Otthe Species, there can. be no doube ho tar the Species extends, or
Wrhat Thines are comprehended under cach Term; which, tis evident,
AsC
d. Y