# Leibniz Legible — https://leibnizlegible.com
# Piece: https://leibnizlegible.com/api/records/54564/text
# Catalogue record: 54564 — [Clarke] für [Leibniz]: [Troisième Réplique de Mr. Clarke] Third paper.
# Incipit: 1. This relates only to the signification of Words
# Date: 1716-05-15
# Sender: Clarke — Addressee: Leibniz
# Akademie-Ausgabe: AA VI (assigned, not yet published)
# Record in the Leibniz-Katalog: https://leibniz-katalog.bbaw.de/de/extended-search?id=54564&katnr=K+6448
# The Leibniz-Archiv's transcriptions of the letters of 1716 (pre-edition): https://www.gwlb.de/leibniz/digitale-ressourcen/repositorium-des-leibniz-archivs/laa-transkriptionen-1716
# Work: https://leibnizlegible.com/work/00068378
# Title: Leibniz-Handschriften zur Theologie LH 1, 20
# Folios: Bl. 393–395 (from the shelfmark LH 1, 20 Bl. 393-395): 6 pages, canvases 789–794, page ids 00068378:0789 to 00068378:0794
# Original at the GWLB: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/resolve?id=00068378&page=789
# Lines: 250 recognised on 6 of 6 pages, mean confidence 0.82
# Catalogue: Leibniz-Katalog / Arbeitskatalog der Leibniz-Edition (https://leibniz-katalog.bbaw.de/), ed. Arbeitsstelle Potsdam I der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, CC BY 4.0.
# Machine transcription. Not an edition. Errors are expected: about 8% character error rate on Latin and French lines, higher on German.
# Licence: CC BY 4.0, Leibniz Legible. Machine output: do not ingest it as verified text; keep this provenance with the text.
# Wording rule: say "the machine reads it as …", never "Leibniz wrote".
# After the first blank line, page by page: a "## Folio <label> — <page id>" line ("## Canvas <n>" where no folio label is recorded), "# " lines naming its source image and model, then its recognised lines in reading order, one per line.

## Folio 393r — 00068378:0789
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/00068378/jpgs/default/00000789.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 57 lines, status machine
Au
sion
on
us,
eux
des
3
Dieu
ce
en
ue
es+
st.
Ta
n
IU
u-
on
eturet
ces.
er
ere
at
te
Third paper.
1. This relates only tothe signification os Words, The
b
Definitions here guuen, may Well be alloWed: And y et Mathe-
matical Reusomnas may be applied to Physical et Metaphysical
subjects. S
2. Undoubtedly Nothinus is, Without a sufficient Reason
Whyit is, vather than not; et Dhyit is Thus, rather than
Othervise. Bul in Mhings in Aneir Oun nature indifferent; mere
Wilt, Nitorit anu thinu external to influence it, is alone
Mhat sufficient Reason: As in the instance ot lods crealinq on
placinu any particle os Matter n une place rather than m
Another, Wenal places are origmally aliffe. And the Case
et thesame, even though space Were noming real, but onty
Re mere Order os Bodies. Aor ill it Would be absolutels
ndifserent, et there could be no other reason but mere Will. Ihy 13
equal Particles ppould be placet or ranget in the order 1, Z, 13,
rather, thanim the contrary order. Aud Therefore no Argument
can be dratn trom Ahis Inditerencyol All Flaces, to prove that
No space is real. Tor diferent spaces are really different
or distinet one prom anviner, hongn they be pergecly alife. dno
There is This evident Aosurditu in supposinque space not hobe real,
bat to be merely theorder ol Dodies; that, aclordmus to that Notion, et
the Carth et sun et Moon had been placed, Nere the remotest fixt stars
Novare, provided mey Nere placed in the jame Order el distance they
nonare With regard one to anomer: il Wouldnot only have been,
Casthis earned dumor righllus sags) la même hose, the same
se
Mhat they Would then have been in the same Tlace too, asmeyare
Nov. Sihichis an expreis contradiction.
The Antients did not call All Space Which is Poid os Bodies,
but onbys extramun dane space, by the Name ol maginary space. The
Meamnu of Mhuch, es not mat sum space es not real; but onty that We

## Folio 393v — 00068378:0790
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/00068378/jpgs/default/00000790.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 39 lines, status machine
are Nhollus ignorant Nhat Rinds os Things are in Thal space. Those
Vriters, Who by the Nord imagimari, meant at anu lime to asium that
Space Was not real, didnot therely Prove tharit Was not real.
CB. Space is nol a, Deing, an eternal et insinite Deing; but a tropentus
or a consequence os thelxistence ol a D’enq infinite et eternal. infinite
Space is Immensitys: Bu ommensitus is not Tod: Apd therefore infinite space
is not Lod. Poris there Any difficulty in What is here alleged about
space havinq sarts. Hor Infinite space is One, absolutelys et essentiallis
indivisible; Agd to suppose it parted, it a contradiction in termsi because
mere must be space in the hantition itselt; Ahim is to suppose it partet,
cet
et yet not parted at me same time. Tne immensity or Ompipresence ot
Lod, is no more a dividinq ol his substance into Tarts; thanhis duraton
or Continuance ot existinq, is a dividinq of his existence into tants
There is no diffeiculty her, bul Peat arises from me figurative abuse
olthe Word Parts.
4  space Nas nothinque but the Onder ot Taings Co- existing: it Houl
falloW, thalif Tod Mould remove m a strait line ie Whole material
Norld Ennire, With apus Sistnets shatho ever; yet it Nould Aill altays
qu.
continue n the fame lace: and thar nothmqus Would recieve any Thork upon
he nost sudden coppinqot that Motion. And is Time Nas nothinus but
but the Order ot succession et creared things, il Noulo TalloW, Thatis Eod
had created the Norco millions of Ager soener than he cid, yet il Hould not
have been created at all ne sooner. Aurther: Space et Sime are vantitiet.
Nhich situation et Order are not
5.FThe Argument in Lnis Taragraph, is; that because space is uniforri
or alike, and one hart does not difser from another, theresore the Dodies
created in One place, it they had been created in Anomer place (supposinq
t
them to feep the same situation Nith regardto eaca other) Nould Aili
have been creater in the same Tlace at before: Whim is a manis est contra:
diction. The uniformitis op space, dues in decd prove that there conldbe
no Lexternal  Reason. Nhy Eod Mouto create things in one place rathet
han in another: Dut does thatunder his Oin Will, from beng to
iiselt a suficient reason of Acmus in Amy place, When Al Slacesare
qu.
ndiferent, or Alife, et there be quod reason to act in some place
6. The same feasoninqu lases place here, as n te fore -gomgs.

## Folio 394r — 00068378:0791
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/00068378/jpgs/default/00000791.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 71 lines, status machine
jose
s
pentus
ite
pate
et
illis
recause
fed,
at
hon
se
huld
ys
upor
ut
not
itiet.
form
ed
osinue
intra
ldbe
ather
40
etare
7 et 8 Where there is Any disserence in the nature ol Things, there Me
Consideration os that Diference alWays cletermines an Intelligent et persectly
sise Agent. Dut Dhen Ao Ways of acting, are equally et alisse quod (:as
in the instances beforementioned:) toaffirm in suih case, that hod cannot
s
aet at all, or thattis no perfection in him to be alle to art, because re
can have no external Reuson lo move him to act one Way rather than
theomer seems fo be a denymuse Eod to have in himselt any originat
si
needs
frinciple or Soller of Degmning to act, but mat he must ullos
Cas it Vere mechamcally) be altays determined by tuings extrinsick
9. suppose, that determinate Lvantilas os Matter thatis nov in the
Mored es the most copvenient for me present trame os Nature, or the
so
present state ol Things: Ano thata Treater (as Wellas a, (ess) Qvantitus
ol Matter, Mouldhave made the present frame ut the World les convenient;
et consequently Nould not have been a greater object for Eod to have
exercised his Lodnesi upon.
s
10. The vestron 2s not, What loclenius, but Whar S Paaci Nentor
1.
s
means by the Nord Sensorium, When the debate is about the sense ol s
Paac Nettons, et not about the sense of Joclenuss B0ok. D Gocleniu
tas et meEge or Car oxong other Organ ol sensation, to be the sensorina
heis certainly mistaten. Dut When Any Writer expressly explans
Nhat he means by anu term os dnt; ot Weat use is it in this case, to
inguire in Phat different senses perhaps some other Vriters have sometime
et used the same ord: Scapula explains it by domicilium, the place
11. The soul ol à Dlind Man does for this reason not see, becanse
Where the Mino resides.
No mages are conveged tore bemu some obstruction in the Way) tothe
sensorium Where the soul is present. Hon the soul ol a seing Man sees
the mages Ao Which itis present, We RnoW not. Dut Weare sure it cannot
percieve Whatitis not present toi because nommus can act, or be acted
apon, Nhereit is not.
12. God, beina omnipresent, is really present to everythinus, essentiallus
et substantiallus: His Trelence manifests itsels indeed by ils operation, bat
s
D. 
it could aot operale yf it Das nol There. The soul is not omnipresent
p
to every part osthe Lody, et perefore doet not, et cannor itsesactuallys
operale lupon every part oftle Dody, but only upon che Dram or certain

## Folio 394v — 00068378:0792
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/00068378/jpgs/default/00000792.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 45 lines, status machine
osi
Perves et Spinits, Phigh, by fatss et Comnunicatiors of Gods appomting
influence the Whole Zody. 3 Udtrict
3et 14. The Active torces, Hhignare in the universe, diminis hinq
Themselves soas to stand in need of ne W impressions; is no inconvenience
no detorder, no impenfection in the Wormanship et he universe; bat
sp. PY
D
eps
is theconsequence ofhe nature ol dependent Things. Whicu Dependene
oslngs, is mot a Matter fal Pants to be rectified. The lase of a humane
Nons man making a Machine, is quite another Thing: Decause thesoters
orforces by Phich the Machine continues to move, are alto gether im-
q.
dependent onsthe Artificer.
13. The frrase, intelligentia supramundana, may Well be alloWed
asitis here explained: But Wimouth this explication, he expression is
verus apt to lead to a Mrong notion, as if Qoo War not really et substanti.
auy present everu ihere.
16. Lothe Lvestionshere proposed, the ansier is: Thal hodeloes
a
ari
alhags act in the most regular et pensect manner: that here ne
Ducorders in the Nonsmangnip ot Sod; et tat there is nothinq more
4N
Extraordmary in the alterations heis pleased lo mate m Me
Frame os Things, nan m his Continuation of it: That in Thingi
in their onn nature absolutelus Equal et indifserent, the Well aEos
. sp p
can frecly choose, et determne itselt, Without Any External Cause
 G
to mpellit; et that tis a terfection in lod, to be able soto do.
That space does not at all depend or the Existence or Order
or situation of Bodies And, as to the Notion ot Miracles.
9)
s
17 Tle vestion is not, What it is tal Divines or Philosophens
usuallus allorior not allor; bat Mhat Reasons men allege for
their Opinions. Haciracle be That ouby, Hnin surpasses
the Folser of all created P’cings; men for a Man to Nalk or
Ahe Water, or for the Mation at the sun or Carth to be coppedi
is no Miracle; sime none, of trese things require infinite
s.
oserto effect Men. Hor a Dody Tomore m a Circle rouni
a Center

## Folio 395r — 00068378:0793
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/00068378/jpgs/default/00000793.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 32 lines, status machine
linu
nu
ene
bat
t
mane
Wers
-
iNser
25
nta
lves
ore
e
ngs
se
esi
S
r
ped
a sexter in Vacuo; il il be usual, (as the flanets moving about
Ahe sun his no miracle, Hhether it be effected immediatelu
by Eod nimselt, or mediatelus by any created SoWer: D ut il it be
unusual, at for a Heavy Dody tobe suspended and move so
in the Air) tis equallu a Miradle, Whether it be effected immedi-
atelus bus Eod himselt, or mediatelus by anus nvisible Created
Toler. Lastly: Nhatever ariset not from, et is not ex-
plicable by, te natural PoWers ol Body, be a Miracle; then
everus animal-motion Whathoever, is a Miracle. Nhich
eems demonstrally toghoi, that his earned Authors notion
of a Miracle, is erroneous.
3

## Folio 395v — 00068378:0794
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/00068378/jpgs/default/00000794.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 6 lines, status machine
A te sit t  sttis a   stlistam t
C
trate numrinicerie orel
t
r: LH 1, 20, (794) - 39.
2 23