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# Title: Lectures De Potentia Restitutiva, Or Of Spring (shelfmarks Leibn. Marg. 105, Stück 1; Leibn. Marg. 105)
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Miea. (Si ASIS 8.
landesit vinet
tonnovdl
u
tatstitstattattitatitstaalatctt tattstuttisuo
sititsit
tittttiii
MIIsI
cravoe
Ur: LCiBn. Marg. 105, Stiiek I: Leibn. Mar9.
eeeee

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enira
Destitutiva
R
aid tut
Explamins che Pover ot Springins Bodies.
Forrhich are added Fome
ADescription of Dr. Pappins Wind. Fountain and Force- Pump.
Mr. Tonnos Observation concernine natural Fountains.
Some other Considerations concernine that Subject.
Captain Sturmy sremarts of a Subterraneons Cave and Cistern..
NIr. C. T. Observations made on the Pikre of TeneriH, 1674.
Some Restections and Conjectures occasioned therenpon.
ARelation of alate Fruption in the Iste of. P alma.
C
.
TONDON
LLnFed tor foln Martyn Printer to the Royal Society,
ac the BeIl in SE. Pauls Church. Pard, 1678.
1658

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mam
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cesacnoioene ravoismnio
ratur: Leiton. Mar9. 105, Suick I. L eibn. Mar9. 105,
eea

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Pag: L.
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VIIII
1 vlt11
1
JIII
Mi 1iII
(1IIII
WIIIIIIII
HIIIHIIINAIHINIHI
HELM LEIBNIZ BIBL
AIEDERSACHSISCHE LANDESBIBLIOTHEK
ar. Leibn. Mar9. 105, Stiiek J: Lcibn. Mar9. 105,

## Folio 1 — 859264114:0007
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Poteni Resticutiva,
d 
OFu
SPR IN C.
 HC ThcOry OF Sprinss, thousti
actempted by divers eminent
Machematicians ot this AgC
has aitherto noc been Publisted
by any. Ir it no about cighteen
vears lince I Arst tound it out,
but delignins to apply ic to lome
particular ulc, I omitted the
publistrins chereot.
About chrcerears since Tis Majesty iras plealed 10
Scc the Experiment chac made ouc this Theory tried
at White-Hall, a5 also my Spring Watch.
About Eroycars (incc Iprinted this Theory in an
Anaoram at theend ot my Book oF theDescriptionSOF
HeliolcoDes, viz ceriino55stt nuid est, Dt tensio (ic
vis; Thatis, ThePomer ot anr spring is in chelame
proportion mith ehe Tention thereot: That is, iFone
porrer sretch or bend it onc space, tro will bendit
erro, and threc will bend it chrec, and (o formard.
Nom as the Pheory isvery Mort, (o themay oFtry-
ins ic is verr cahe.
Take then a quantier of even-dramn Wire, cither
Scecl, Iron, Or Brals, and coyl it on an even Cy.
linder into a Helix oF what lensth or number oFturns
vou please, then curn the ends ot the Wire into
Loops, by one oF rrhich suspend chis coyi upon a
nail, and by che orher sustain the meishe thac vou
roula hare to extend it, and hansins on several
Wcirhes obserre exactly cowhat length cach oF the
ireistus do extend it berond chelensth chat its omn
eishe dochsrecct ic to, and rou halI find chac it
One
a
c0
15
a
0
6
a
e
e
V
l

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onc ounee, or one pound, or one certaim meishe
doth lenothen it one line, or onc inch, Or OnC Cer-
tain lenottu, then tmo ounces, trro pounds, Or tro
rreiohes will extend it tro lines, tvo inches, or
erro lensths; and three ounces, pounds, or reighis,
three lines, inches, or lenoths; and lo Formards. And
this is thc Rule or Lam ot Nature, upon irtrich aII
manner of, Reltituent or Springins motion doth pro-
cecd, Wrhrether it beof Rarefaction, Or LxtentIOn, Or
Condensation and Comprestion.
Or cake a WVacchSprino, and cort ic into a Spiral,
F0as n0 part thereot may touch another, then pro-
vide a very lighe Wrtcel ot Brals, or the likce, and fx
ic on an arbor that hath tro (mall Pirors ot scecl.
upon trhich Pirot turn the edse oF the Caid Whecl
verr even and (mootH, (O thac a (mall (IIK may bC
corled uxonit; chen put this VVheel into a Frame, (0
that the WVheel may more very Frecly on its Pirots;
Fasten the central end of the atorelaid Spring closeto
ehe Piroc hole or center ot the Frame in Which che
ArboroF theheel doch move, and the ocher end
thcreos tothe Rimol the WVhecl, chen corling a finc
dimber chread of silk uxon ehc edge oF the WVhecI
Hano a (mall lighe Ccale acche end thereot AC to receive
ehe weipht chac MaIl be puc chercinto; then Cufterins
eheWVhceltostand in itsomn position by alittle index
Fastned tothe Frame, and pointins to theRim oF che
WVhccl, make a marke wich Ink, or thelike, on that
Part oF the Rim chacche Index Poinceth at; then put
in a dractm meiohe inco che seale, and Cutter che
Whcelto setele, and make another mark on the Rim
erheretheIndex doth point; thenadd a drackm more.
and lec theWVheel sectle again, and noce with Ink, 25
betore, the place oF the Rim pointed at by the In-
dex; then adda thirddractm, and doas before, and
(0 a Fourch, HEh, Cixth, Sevench, eighth, exc. Suster-
ins the WVhcel to setle, and markring the several
elaces pointed at by the Index, then examine che
Diltances

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Diltances oF all thole markes, and comparine them
together vou Mall find chat chey will aIl bc equal
the one totheother, (0 that il a dractum dochmove
the Whee ten deorees, tmo drachims will more ic
tirenty, and three chirer, and tour forer, and sre
FEY, and (0 Forrrards.
Or takce a Wire Arins oF tmener, or chirer, or
Forey Foot lons, and Fasten the uPDer PaRE LICrCOF 1O
anail and to the other end Fasten a Scale to receire
thenciohes: Then rith a pairot Compasses takethe
distance ot thebottom of the scale Fromthe ground
Or Roor underneath, and set donn che Paid distance,
then put in weistes into the Caid scale in the lame
manner as inthe former trials, and meature the severat
Pretchinos ot the said srino, and set them donn.
Then compare the several Srerchines ot the Caid
Crins, and vou ill find chac chey will alvays bear
the lame proportions onc to the othier thac the meighes
do that made them.
The Pame will be Found, il trial be made, witha
piece ot der mood that will bend and return, it one
end chereot be H x in a horizontal pocture, and to
che other end be hansed meistus to matie it bend
dornards.
Themanner oF erring che Pame ching uxon a body
OE Air, Whether it be For the rarefaction or For the
comprestion thereot I did about Fourreen rears since
publitr in my Microeraphia, and rheretore Y MaII
nocnced to add any Furcher description thereot.
Fach oF these mays riii be more plaintr under-
Rood br the explanations ot the annexed Aoures.
The Arst Whereot doth represent by A B thc corI
ror helix of Wire, Cthe end ot it, by irhich it is su-
(pended, D ehe ocher end thereot, by irhich a (maII
Scale E is hanged, into rrhich pucting Weiohes
aSFC HITR LM N, Cngly and separately cher bcine
in proportion to one another a5 1234 5678, thc
Sprins ill bethereby equally ArCLCHE+O0, P, 4, Y, S, L. H. W,
that

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that is, iF F ArCEChiE (0 a5 the Botom od the Segle
descend to o, then C will make it descend 10 p.
HIto que ItOr, K tOs, L FOF, MtOn and NtOW, EEC.
50 thac X 0 MaII BC OnC (PaCC, XP, 2, X9, 3, Xr, 4.
X59 5, Xt, 6, X U, 7, XW, 8.
The lecond figure represents a Watch Spring cor-
led in a Spiral by C AB BBD, Whole end C is Axed
t0a pin or Axis immorable, into the end ot erhrich
the Axis oF a (mall lighe Wheel is inferted, upon
irtich it moves; the end D is tixed to a pin inthe
Rim oF the Whcel Y yy y, uxon erhich is corled a
TinaII (IIK, co the end ot Whrieh is Axed a Scale Le re-
ceire the meighes. Toche Frame in Wrtich chele are
contained is lixed ehe hand or Index 2 ehen trring
rith the Former eighes puc inco the scale l, voû
Will Ena that il P puc into che Scale P SinkS the BOL-
tom oF ic X 100, then C ill sink ic to p, and Ht0 9.
IEOr, R EOS, L. tO t, and Z Will point at 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6,7.8
on theWVhecl.
Therrialswich a Rraighe ire, or a straighe piece
oF mood laid Hlorizontal arc (0 plain they necd not
an explication br figure, and the mar of trrine upon
air Lhare lons lince explained in my Micoera-
Phia by AgUTCS.
From all irtich it is verr evidentthat the Rule Or
Lar oE Nature in every springins Body is, FnaE
theforce or porver chereotto reltore it Pelt to itsna-
cural polition is altrars proportionate to theDistance
Or space it is remored cheretrom, Whether ic be by
rarefaction, or separation oF its parts the one Fromthe
other, orby a Condensation, or crodino ot those
partsnearer torecher. Nor is ic observable in thele
bodus onlr, buc in all other Epringy bodies haclo.
ever, Wrhether Metal, Wood, Stones, baked Earchs,
Flair, Horns, Silk, Bones, Sines, Glato, and the likc.
Respect being had to the particular Agures oF the
bodics bended, and the adrantagious or diladvan-
tasious rays oF bendins chem.
FFOM

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From ehis Principle it will be casie to calculate
che sereral Arensth OF BOWS, aSOF LOnS BOIS OK
Cross- BOWS, Whether chey bemade oF Nood, Sccel,
FIorns, Sincs, or the likc. Asallo oF che Balistae OF
Catapultae uled by the Ancients, Wrhich beinq once
Found, and Tables thereot calculaced, I Mall anon
te a rar hoir to calculate the porrer cher hare
in Mootins or castins oF ArrOWS, BUIICES, StOnCS,
Oranadoes, or thelike.
From chele Principles also it ill be casie to calculate
the proportionate strengch oF the sprins ot a WV atch
uxon chetulerthereot, and consequently ot adjust.
ins theFules co chesprins (0 a8 to make it draw or
morethe Wacch alrarswith an equal force.
From chelame al(o it ill Bc casie to gire therea-
Con of chc Isochrone mation ot a Sprins or extended
Strino, and ot che unitorm Cound produced br chose
irhose Vibrations are quiek enoush to produce an
qudible Cound, a5 likemise the realon OF the Pounds
and elicir rariations in aI manner OF POnOCOUS OE
springins Bodies, OF trhich more on another occation.
From this appears the realon, a5 I MaII Mer by
and by, rhy a Sprins applied to the balance oF a
Watch dothmake the Vibrations chereot equal, whe-
chercher begreater or smaller, onc oF wrhieh kind I
Mered tothe riohe HTonourable the Lord Viseoune
Bronnker, the Honourable Robert Boyle F (9; and Sir
Robert Morey inthe rear 2660. in order to hare gOt-
ten Lecters Patents for theule and benetit thereof.
From chis ic Will be casie to makce a PhiloCophical
Scale to examine che eighe ol any bodr withour
puctins in eists, Wrhich was chat irhich lmenti-
oned at cheend of my description of Hleliolcopes, the
oround ot irtrich ras veiled under this ANaBraM,
cediinnoopsssttnn namels; Ut pondus sicten-
sio. TheFabrick oF wrhich sec in the chree Arst fgurCS.
This Scale Icontrired in order to examine theora
vitation oE bodies tomards the Center oF the Parct,
22X. FCd

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viz. to examine wrhether bodies at a Furcher distanee
trom the Center oF che Farth did not lose lomerhat
OEtheir porver or cendenes tomards it. And prO.
Pounded ic as onc of the Experiments to be tried ae
thecop ot the Pike oF Teneriff, and actempted the
Tame at the cop oF the Tomer oF St. Pauls beforethe
burnins ot it in the late great Fire; as allo at the top
and botrom oF the AbBY OF St. Peters in Westminster
though these beinu by but (mail dictances remored
From thesurtace, Pas not able certainy to perceire
any manitest difference. I propounded the lame alloto
be tried at the bottom and several Ctations ot decp
Mines; and D. Pomer did makce Lome trials to that end,
but hisTnltruments not beins sood, nothine could b0
certainty concluded trom them.
Thele are the Phenomena oF Springs and springy
bodies, Wrhichasther hare not hitherto been by any
thacPknom reduced to Rules, Co have all the attempts
For the explications oF therealon oF their porrer, and
ot (pringinels in general, beenvery inlufticient.
In the rcar 2660. I princed a little Tract, wrhich I
called, An Attempt for the explication of the Phenome-
na, ec. OF the riling oF mater in the pores ot very
Imall Pipes, Fileres, euc. And being unvilling chento
Dublis chis Theorr, 28 suppolns it mighe be preju-
dicial eo my desion oF WVatches, Wrhich I was then
procurins a Patent FOr, P ontr hinted che principle
erhrich I suppoled to De the cause ot thele Phaenomena
OF sprinss in the 3r Pasc chereot inthe Englim ldi-
tion, and in the 38 pase ot theLatinc Pdition, tran-
Aated by M. Behem, and printed at Amsterdam, 1662.
But referred che Further explication chereot till Pome
Other opportunitr.
ThC Principles I then mentioned Icalled by the
names ot Congruity and Inconeruity oF bodies. And
promiled a Further explanation oE irhat I chereby
meant on Lome other occation. I MBall here only ex-
Plain Co much oF ic as concerns the explication oF this
Pxesent Phxnomenon.

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By Concruity and Iuconeruity then I understand no
chine ele but an agreement or dilagreement ot BO-
dys as to their Magnitudes and morions.
Those Bodies ehen I suppole congruous wrhole
particles have the Pame plagnitude, and the same de-
sree oF Velocitr, or elle an harmonical proportion
OE Magnitude, ind harmonical degree ot Velocitr.
And thole I suppole inconeruous wrhich havencither
chelameMaenitude, nor the lame degree oF Velocity
nor an harmonical proportion of Magnicude nor ot
Velocier.
I suppole theu che sensibole Unirerse to consist oF
bodr and motion.
By Body T mean Comerhat receptire and commu-
nicatire ot motion or progrection. Nor can Thare any
OtherIdea thereoF, For neither Pxtention nor Ouan-
tier, hardnelsnor Colinels, Duidity nor Excdinels; Rare-
faction nor Denlarion arc the proprieties ot Body.
But oF Motion or Lomentrat mored.
Dy Mocion Junderstand nochins but a pOrer Or
cendener proprettire ot Body accordins to several de-
grces oF Vclocity.
These erro do altrays councerballance cach ottier in
aIl the effects, appearances, and operations oF Na-
ture, and cheretore it is not impoltible but chacther
may be oncand ehe lame; For a lictle body wich great
motion is equiralent to a great body mith litelemoti.
on 25 toallits sensible effects in Nature.
Ido Furcher suppose chen chac alI chings in the TIni-
verse that become the objects oF our Penses are com-
pounded ot cheletrro (Wrhich me will For the pre-
sent suppose distinet eslences, thouch postibly they
may be Found hercatter to bc only differine concepti-
OnsoFoneand che lame essence) namely, Body, and Mori-
on. Andthat there is no one sen sible Partiele ot matter
buc orresthe greatest part of its sensible lxtensionto
Motion Whaterer pare thereofit orsto Body accord.
ins to the common notion thereot: Which is, that
Bod

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Body is somemhat that doch perfectir sll a decermi-
nate quantier ot space or extention loas necellarily
to exclude all ocher bodies trom beins comprehended
Wwichinthe Pame Dimensions.
P dotheretore detine a sentible Body tobc a de-
terminate Space or Extension detended From beine
penetrated by anocher, by a porver From within.
To makee this the more intellisible, Imagine a
very chin plate ot Tron, or the like, a Foot lquare,
to bemoved mith a Vibratire mocion Formards and
backrards the Aat mars the leneth, of a tooc with
(0 Trife a motion a5 not to permit any other b0-
dy to enter into thac space within wrhieh it Vi-
brates, this ill compole luch an essence as Icall in
my Cense a Cubick fooc oE sensible Body, irhieh dif-
Fers From the common notion ot Body as this (pace
OF a Cubick Fooethus detended by chis Vibrating plate
doth from a Cubiek Footot Tron, orthelike, chrough
out solid. The Parricles cheretore that compole aIl
bodies I do suppole toomeche greatest part ot their
sensibleor potential Fxcention to a Vibratire motion.
This Vibracire motion I donot suppole inherent or
inseparable Erom the Particles oF body, but communi-
caced by Impulles giren From ocher bodies in theni-
verle. This ouly I suppole, that che Magnitude or
buIk oF the bodr doth makce it receptire oF this Or-
that peculiar motion that is communicated, and HOL
OF anv other. Thac is, every Partiele of matter ac-
cordino to its determinate or prelent Magnitude is
receptive oF this or thac peculiar motion and no
Ocher, (othat Magnitude and receptiriey ot motion
scems the samething: To explain this by a Cimilitude or
example. Suppolea number ot mulical Perings, a5 A BC
DF, ec. tuned to certain tones, and a like number of
Other Prings, 45 a, b, c, d, e, _c. tuned toche Pame Counds
respectirelr, A Mall be receptire ofchemotion oFa,
BuEnOEOF FhatOFb, C, Bor d; in like manner BMaII bC
receptire oF chemotionot b, buc noc of the motion
le

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OF a c or d. And (0 oF the rest. This is thac wtrich
IcaM Conernity and Inconeruitr.
Nom as we Findthac musical srings willbe mored
br Elnilons and Fighehs, and ocherharmonious chords,
choush nocinthe lame degree; (odoI suppole that
the particles of matter will bc mored principally by
Tuch motions asare IInilons, 25 Imay call them, Or oF
equal Velocier rich cheir motions, and by other har-
monious motions in a lels degree.
I do turcher suppose, A subtil matter that incom
Passeth and pervades all other bodies, nrhich is the
Menstruum in wrhich cher Cirim irtrich maincains and
continues all such bodies in their motion, and irhich
is themedium chat conrers ail Hlomogenious or Hlar-
monical motions trom bodyto bodr.
Further Iluxpose, chat al1 Cuch particles oF matter
asarc ot a likenature, Wrhen not separated by others
OE a ditterins nature will remain togethier, and
Erenschenthe common Vibration oF them allagainst
the differins Vibrations oE che ambiene bodies.
Accordins to this Nocion I suxpole the irhole
Elniverse and aII the particlesthereot cobe in a con-
tinued motion, and every onc to take its Bhare ot
space or room in the same, accordino to the bulk oF
its bodr, or accordins to the particular porver
ic hath to receire, and continue this or thac peculiar
motion.
Tiro or more ot thelepartieles jorned immediatelu
together, and coalelcing into one become ot anocher
nature, and receptire ot anocher degree ot motion
ond Vibration, and make a compounded particle
differins in nature trom cach OF the other par-
ticles.
AII bulky and sensible bodies whatsoerer I suppole
tobe made up or compoled ot Tuch particles wrhich
hare their peculiar and appropriate motions mhichare
Kept cogether by thedifterins or distonant Vibrations
Ot the ambient bodies or Auid.
Accordino

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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 38 lines, status machine
Accordino co the difference oF thele Vibrarive
motions oF the incompattine bulks. AII bodies are
more or less porvertul in preservins cheir peculiar
Bapes.
AII bodies neer the Farth are incompassed with
a Auid subeil macrer by che differins Velocity ot
Wrtiole pares alt Solid bodies arc Kepe cogether inthe
Deculiar Mapes, ther ivere letc in wrhen cher vere las
Auid. And all Auid bodies whatloever are mixed
wich this Auid and wrhich is noc excruded trom them
til cherbecome solid.
PIuid bulks difter trom Polids only in chis, that aII
Auids consist oF cro Ports oF particles, the onc this
common Menstruum near the Farth, wrhich is incer-
Sper(edbetmeen the Vibratins particles appropriated
tothat bulk, and so participarins oF che motions and
Vibrations thereof: And the other, by excludine
WhoIIr, ornoc participatins oF chatmotion.
Though the particles ot solid bodies do by their
Vibratire motions exelude this Auid From comina be-
ereen ehem where cheir morions do immediately
touch, vet are there certain spaces betreen them
ertrich are noc detended By che motion ot the par-
ticles trom being perraded by che HICtCrOgenCOUS
Ruid menleruum.
These Spaces Co undetended by the bodies and Vi-
bratire morion of the partieles, and consequener
perraded by che subeil incompaltine Heterogeneous
Auid are thole e cai che insensible pores ot
bodies.
Accordinq tothe bignels ot the bodies the moriono
dre, but in reciprocal proportion: Thac is, the bio-
ser or more povertul the body is, the lorver is its
motion mith irhich it compoundsthe particles; and
ehe lels the body is, the lirifcer isies morion.
Phelmaller che partieles ot bodies are, the nearer
do chey approach to che nature oF the general Auid,
aud

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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 41 lines, status machine
and themore casily do ther mix and participate oP its
motion.
The Parcicles oF aII Colid bodies do immediatelr
touch cach ocher; that is, the Vibratire motions of
che bodies do erery one touch cach other at crerv
Vibration. For explication, Let ABC represent
threebodies, cacti ot
chele bodies I Tup-
pole to have a Vi.
bratire motiononci-
ther Bde oFIt, A BC-
trrcenD and E, BbC-
p....1rra ropo a. a  o p ua avari po nrero . 0 1010211
nnanin.tan a a10 at a
ENCCNF andF, and C betrreen P’and G. I suppole
chenthat B in every one oF its Vibrations dorh meet
A ac F, and C at P, and (o the motionsare continualsy
interchansed: Thatis, P communicatesits motion to
A dt F, and A ac the Came time and place communicates
its morion to B, hich recurmins to P mects there
rith C, and communicates its receired motiontoC
erhich ac che Pame instant and place communicates its
oun morion to B, irhich returns it back toF: 50
thac the Velocitr ot thele bodies is alirars the Came,
and cach body impressech on the contiguous bodies
such a dererminate number oF pulles within a certain
space ot time. Suppose torinstance, in everz sccond
OF time B communicates to A and to C onc million
oF pulles, and hach receired as many trom cach
oE chem, by irtrich means cach of them dorh pre-
Perre its orn space ot Vibration accordins to the
porver oF its Vibration, chat neither oE checontisu.
ous bodies can enter into it. The extreme particles
A and C are repercussed by the motion ol the am-
bient Heterogeneous Auid, Whereot choushthe b0.
dies arc of differins magnitudes, vet the body and
motion oF the onc are equiralent to the body and
mocion oF. the other, (0 that whaterer the body bc
lels, themorion is quieker; and irhere the body is
bigger, the morion islels. But the Particles oF Auid
bodies

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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 38 lines, status machine
Bodies do noc immediately touch cach other, buE
permit themixture oF the other Heterogeneous Auid
DeartheFarth, rtrich Cervesto communicate the mo-
tion trom partiele to particle rithout the immediate
contact ot the Vibrations oF the Particles.
AII solid Bodies retain cheir Colidier ciil by other
extraordinaer motions their natural or proper moti
ons become intermixed with ocher diftering motions,
and Pother become a bulk oE compounded motions,
Wrhrich reatten cach ochers Vibratire motions. 50
thac chough ehc similar parts do participate oF cach
Others motions, Wrhereby they indcavour to jornor
Hecp torether, vet dothey allo participace oF an Hle-
terogeneous motion which endearours to separate
or keepthem alunder. And accordino to the preva-
lener of the onc orthe otheris thebody more or lels
Auid or Colid.
AII bodies rhacloerer rould be Ruid ivere it noc
For the external Heterogencous motion ot the Am.
bient.
And alI Auid bodies wrtratloever mould bc un-
bounded, and have their parts Ay From cach other
irere it not tor lome prevailing Hleterogeneous mo-
tion trom michout themthat driresthem more porver-
Fully together.
Ileterogeneous motions trom ithont are propa-
sated mithinthe solid in a direct linc if they hit per-
pendicular to the superticies, or bounds, buc it ob-
liquelr in mays noc direct, buc different and desected,
accordins to the particular inclination oF the body
Erikins, andaccordins to the proportion oFthe P’ar-
ticles striking and being Ctruck.
AII Eprinor Bodies Whacloever consict ot parts thus
qualitied, thac is, oF ImaII bodies indued rith ap-
propriate andpeculiar motion, nhince crery onc ot
These particles hath a parricular BuIK, ExtcuSIOM, Or
Sphere oF actirier rrhrich it detends Erom the inprels
oF. any. ocherincompastins HPeterosencous body wrhilst

## Folio 13 — 859264114:0019
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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 36 lines, status machine
in its natural estate and balance in theniverse. Which
Particles beins all oF the lame nature, thac is, OF
equal bodies, and equal motions, ther readily co-
alesce and joyn cogettier, and makze ux one (olid bo-
dy, noc perrectly crery nhere contiguous, and whol.
ly exeludins the abore mentioned ambient Auid, but
permittins ic in mans placesto pervadethe lame in a
regular order, vet not lo much butthat ther do whol.
ly exelude the lame from passing betmeen aII thc sides
ot the compounding particles.
The parts oF all sprinor bodies would recedeand
Ay From cach other vere ther noc kept together by
the Heterogeneous comprectine motions ot the am-
Bient Whether Auid or Colid.
These principles thus hinced, T MaII in the nCXE
place cometo the particular explication ol the man-
ner hor ther serre to explain the Phaenomena ot
Springins bodies rhether Colid or Huid.
First For Colid bodies, as Stecl, Ola(S, Wood, exc.
erhich havea Sprino boch inrards and outmards, ac-
cording as ther are cither compresed or dilated Be-
rond cheir natural Ctate.
13
oe ueegeen
boonaoo nnnoloololo na.
pomoproroporequau
loronol.nooleoonlenn ool onealna
F 2
BuBBINBNROBEBGIEBNBERBBE
bnnannrrmnennk- anernrmmone mn l
LeF A B revrelent a line oF Tuch abody compound-
cdoF cistr Vibrratinq particles, 45 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
aud suppole cach ot thole l’articles to pertorm a mil-
lion or Tinole Vibrations, and consequently oE oc-
curtions trich cach ocher in a lecond minute ot time,
chcix

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C24
their mocion beins ot luch a V’elocity impressed From
the Ambient on the trro extreme P’articles 1 and 8.
First, iF by any external POrer On ThCLWO ExTrEmeS
T and 8, cher beremored turther alunder, a5tOCD,
thenaII aII che V’ibratire P’articles be proportiona-
bly extended, and the number oE Vibrations, and con-
seguentr ot occurtions be reciprocally diminismed,
and consequentr their endearour ot recedins trom
cach other dc reciprocallr dimimmed al(o. For sup-
polins this sccond Dimension ot Levoch bc to che
Erst 25 3 t02, thelenoch ot the Vibrations, and con-
sequener ot occurtions, be reciprocally diminitted.
For WhereasI suppoled 1000000 in a lecond ot the
FOrmer, here can DC but 666666 in chis, and conse-
quenely thespring inmard must be in proportion to
the Extension berond its natural lenachi.
Sccondy, it by anr external torce the extreme par-
ticles be remored a chird part nearer together than
(the external natural Force being aliray che lame
Boch inthis and the former instance, Wtrieh is the bal-
lance to it in its natura l Cate) che lensrh of the Vi-
brations aII be proporeionably diministred, and che
number of them, and consequentr ot theoccursions
bereciprocalls augmented, and instead ot 1000000,
there alIbC 1500000.
Elarins

## Folio 15 — 859264114:0021
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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 30 lines, status machine
2
Flarine chus explained che most simple may ot
Springins in solidbodies, it mill BC very case tO ex-
plain che compound ray ot sprinsins, chac is, by
Aexure, Suppolins only ero oE chese lines joyned
2.    .   ..    1.  2.  .
..
.
omut
10
eovether as at GHTK, Wrhich being by any externat
porver bended into the Form L. W NO, L M will bC
extended, and NO wili be diministed in proxortion
totheAexure, and consequenty the lame proportions
and Rules For its endearour of restorins it selF wii
hola.
In the next place For Auid bodies, amons st whieh.
thc greatestinstance we have is air, thoughthe same De
in lome proportion in all otter Ruid bodies.
ThC Air chen is a bodu consilting ot parcicles (0,
CnaII as to DC almost equal co che partieles oF the
Hlecerogencous Duid medium incompastine the cartH.
Itis bounded bur on one side, namely, torrards che
carth, and is indefinitels extended upirard, bcins
ouly hindred trom Ayins aray chac may by its omn
gravier, (the cause oF Wrhrich PMaII Pome ochier time
explain.) Ic consilts ol the lame particles lingle and
separated, oF erhich water and other Auids do, con-
Joyned and compounded, and beins made ot parricles.
excceding

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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 37 lines, status machine
excecdinq small, its motion (to makre its ballance wich
the rest ot the carthy bodies) is exccedins Cwitt, and
its Vibratire Spaces exccedins large, comparatire to
the Vibratire Spaces oF other terrestrial bodies.
Cuppose that oF the Air next the Farth in its natural
Cate max bc8000. times greater than that oF Stecl,
andabore a thouland times greater thanthat ot com-
monrater, and proportionablr I suppole that its mo-
tion mustbe cioht chouland times Crilter chanthe FOr-
mer. and above a chouland cimes Cwilter thanthe la-
ter. TF chcretore a quantier of this bodp be inclosed
braColid bodr, and that bc lo contrived as to com-
prelsit into lels room, the morion thereot (supposins
cheheacthe Came) will continue the lame, and con-
sequenty thevibrations and Occurtions will be in-
ercaled in reciprocal proportion, that is, it ic bc
Condenscd into hale the space the Vibrations and
Occurtions will be double in number: IF into a quar-
ter the Vibrations and Occursions will bc qua-
druple, esc.
Again IF the conteining Vessel be s0 contrived a5
toleare it more space, the lenothof che Vibrations
ill be proportionably inlarged, and the number ot
Vibrations and Occursions willbe reciprocally dimi-
nistred, that is, it it be suffered to extend cotmice its
Former dimensions, its Vibrations Will be trrice a5
lonr and the number of its Vibrations and Occurs-
ons will De terver by halF, and consequener its indea-
vours ontmard willbe alomeatter by haIF.
Thele Explanations will serve mulatis mutandis For
explainins che Sprins oF any otter Body Whaclo.
ever.
Tenom remains, that I Pem how the constitutions
oF sprinoy bodies beins Tuch, the Vibrations oF a
Spring, or a Body moved by a Spring, cqually and
unitormiy Mall bc oE equal duration hecher they be
greater Ox lels.

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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 39 lines, status machine
Thave here already Thewed then that the porrerot
all Sprinssisproportionare tothe deprec ot Aexure,
2iz. One deoree ot Aexure, or onc space bended hath
onc porer, tro hath tro, and chrechrach threc, and
(0 Formard. And erery point ot the space of Aexure
hatha peculiar porver, and consequentlr chere being
intinite poines of the space, there mult be infinite de-
grees oF porer.
And consequently all thole pomers beginning From
noushe, and endins at the lalt degree ot tention or
bendine, added together into one lum, or apgrerate,
Will be in duplicate proportion co che spacc bended or
degree oF Aexure; that is, the aggresate oF the
porvers oF the Sprins cended trom its quielcent po-
Aure by all the intermediate points to one space
(Beit Wrhat lenoth vou pleale) is equal, or in the
Tame proportion to the square ol one (suppotins
the Caid space infinitely divisible into the Fractions ot
OnC;) totmo, isequal, or in che lame proportion to
the (quare ot trro, thatistour; to chrec is equalor
in thelame proportionto the (quare ot chree, thatis
nine, and (0 Formard; and consequently che agore.
sate oF the Crstspace willbeone, oF the second space
will bethree, of the third space will be sive, oF rhe
tourth wils beseren, and so onmards in an Rrichme-
cical proportion, beins the degrees or excesses by
Whichthele aggregates exceed onc another.
TheSprins cheretore in returnine from any degree
oF Aexure, tortich ic hach been bent by any porrer
receiveth at crery point of the space returned an
impulse equal to the porver oF the Spring in that
point ot Tention, and in recurnins the irhole it re-
ceireth the wrtiole aegregate ot alltheforces belono-
instothe oreatest degrecot that Tension trom Which
it returned; (0 a Sprins bent tro spaces in its return
reccivech Four degrees oF impulle, chat is, three in
the trst space returnino, and onc in the second; 10
Bentchree spaces it receireth in its Wrhole return nine
deorees

## Folio 18 — 859264114:0024
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C+d
derrees ot impulse, that is, Are in the Arst SpaCC re
turned, chree inthe second, and one in the third.
Sobene ten spaces it receires in its Whole return
onc hundred deprees ot impulle, to wit, ninetcen in
thefrst, seventeen in thelocond, Eeccen in chechird,
thirteen in the Fourth, eleren in thettch, nine in the
sixth, seven in the serenth, sre in the cistth, three
in cheminth, and one in the centh.
Nom che comparatire Velocities ot any bodymo-
red are in subduplicate proportion to he aggregates
Or Cums oF the porversby whichitismored, cherctore
che Velocities of the hole spacesreturned are alvars
in che lame proportions rith chole spaces, they beins
boch subduplicate to the porers, and consequently
aIl che times MaII DC equal.
Next For the Velocities oF tho parts oF che space
recurned cher will be alrazs proportionate to che
roots oF the spgregates of the porvers impressed
in erery oe thele lpaces; for in che lale intance,
irhere the Spring is supposed bent ten (PaCCS,
the Velocier ac the end ot the Arsc Space returned
ThallbC aS the roDt oF 19. at thc end ot the lecond
astheRootOt 36. thatis, oF 19 F 17. at thc end ot
thC third as the ROOE OF SF. that i5 OF 19 f 17
F. 15. AF thc end oF the Fourth as thC ROOE
OF 64. ThatisOE 19, f 17 7 15 F 13. ac the end oF
the centh, or Wrhole as the Root ot 100. that i5 a5
N 19 + 17 F 15 Y 13 f TC f 9. f 7 + 5. +3
FP, Cqual 10 100.
No Cincethe Velocity is in the Pame provortion
totheroot of thespace, asthe root oF chespace is to
thetime, it is calie to determine the particular time
in irhich ereey onc of chele spaces are passed For
diridins che spaces by che Velocities correspondins
thequotients girethe parriculartimes.
Foexplain chismore intelligibly, let A in the fourth
fixure reprelent he end ota Spcins nOt benE, orAt LeaAE
COHM.

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# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/859264114/jpgs/default/00000025.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 39 lines, status machine
counterpoised in chat posture by a porrer fixtto it, and
morable mith ic, dram the line A B C, and let it repre.
Cene che may in Wrhich the end oF chespring by addi-
tional porversis tobe mored, dram to che end of it
Cat right Angles the Line C sDd and let C D re-
prelent che porrer chac is sufficient to bend or move
the endotthesprins Ato C, then dram theLine D A,
and From anr point ofthe Line A C as BB. Dran Lines
parallel to CD, curting the Linc D A in F, P, thc
Lines BP, B C, ill reprelent the respectire porvers
requisice to bend the end oE the Sprins AcOB, Wrhich
Lines B C, BP, C D will bc in cho same proxortion wich
chelensth otthebent oFtheSprins A B, AB, AC.
And becaule the sprins hath in erery point ofthe
Line ofbendins a C, a particular Porrer, chereforeima-
ginins infinite Lines drann from every point oF AC
parallel to C D cillcher touch the Linc AD, cher rill
aII oF ehem AII and compole the Trianole AC D. ThC
Friangle theretore A CD ill reprelent the aggregate
OF the porrers oF the Spring benE From AtO C, and
thelesser Trianoles ABE, A B F. Will represenE chC
ageregate oF allthe porers oF the Sprins benc trom
A tO B, B, and che Sprins bent to any point oF the
Linc AC, and let g0 From thence will exere in its re-
turn to A all chole porrers rrhich are equal to the re-
Spectire ordinates BF, BF, inthe Triangles, thelum
OF all irhich make up the Trianoles ABC ABF.
And the aggregate oF the porrers mith rhich it re-
turns From any point, as From C to any point ot the
spaCC C A 28 t0 BB, is equal to che Traperium
CDEB, CDEB, Or the excesles oF the greater
Friangles abovethe lels.
Flarino cheretore Memn an Tmage ro reprelent the
Aexure andtheporrers, (0 as plainly to solve and an-
Tiver all Ouections and Problems concerning them, in
thenext place Icome to reprelent the Velociries ap-
propriaced to the sereral porrers. The Velociries
chen beins alvays in a subduplicate proxortion oE
Et

## Folio 20 — 859264114:0026
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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 39 lines, status machine
Etie porvers, that is, as the RoOE ot the porvers im.
prested, and theporers imprest being asthe Praperi-
um or he excels ot the Triangle or (quare OE the
Wrhole space to be pastabore the lquare oF the space
vetunpalled; it uxon the Center A, and (paCC AC
(C beins che point trom wrhich the Springis suppoled
let 90) a Cirole be describedas C OG F, and ordinates
drarrn From any point ot C A thc space to DC Past,
a5 From B, B, tothe said Circle, as BG, BC, chele Lines
BC, B C, Will represent the Velocity ot the Spring re-
turnins EromC tOB, B, ec. the Paid ordinates being
alivars in the lame proportion ith thc Roots ot the
LFAPCZILIS CDE B, CD EB FOr putinS AC =
t0 a, and a B = b, B G rill alvays bc equal to
L a2 =bb, the square oF che ordinate being alrays
equal to the Rectansle oF theintercepted parts oF the
Diameter.
Hlarins thus Found theVelocities, tO Wit; BO, BO.
AF, to lnd thetimes correspondins, on the Diame-
ter A C dram a Parabola C HIF Whole Vertex is C, and
irtrich passeth chrough the point P. The Oordinates
oF ehis Parabola BII, BII, AP, arc in the lame prO-
vorcion with thc ROOtSOFthe spaceS C B, C B, C A,
then makino OB to HIB as IIB to IB, andchrouoh
thc points C IIF draming thC CUrVC CTTTE, thC
respectire ordinates oF this curre BaII represent the
Proportionate time thac che Sprivs spends in re-
curnins che spaceS C B, C B, C A.
TE the porvers or Stiftnels oF the Spring be greater
than wrhat I betore suppoled, and theretore must bc
expressed by che Priangle C dc A. then che V elocities
ils be cheOrdinates in an E Iliple aS C7 y N, oreater
thon ehe Circle, a5 it will allo if the porver bc the
Came, and the bulkmored by the Spring belels. Then
villthe S. like Line oF times meet ith che Live A. F
et a point as X within chepoint F. But if the porversot
the Spring beeakerthan Isuppoled, thenwill C scc
A seprelenE the POrerS, and C y yO the FIipHS OF
relocus.

## Folio 21 — 859264114:0027
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/859264114/jpgs/default/00000027.jpg
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Velocitr, whose Ordinates By Bj AO will girethe
particular Velocities, and the S. likre Line of time will
extend bexondN. Thelame will happen suppolins
the body (mored by che Sprins) t0 be propor-
tionately heary, and the porrers of che Sprins thc
Tame mith theArs.
And supposins the porrer oE thesprins the Came
a5 aFAPHE, Bended ontr to B2, andFrom thence let 80
B2 P A is the Triangle of its porers, the Ordinates
OF the Cirele B g L are theLines oF its Velocity, and
ehe Ordinatesof theS. like Line B iF are the Lines oF
Eme.
Farins thus Mered rou hor the Velocier oF a
Sprins may be computed, ic will be casie to calcu.
late torrhrat distance it rill bC able EO(BOOEOE thrOW
any body chatis mored by ic. And ehis mustbe donc
by comparins che Velocies oF the alcent oF a body
chromnwichthe Velocitr ot the descent oF Gravitr,
allorrance beins allo made tor the Relistance and im-
Dediment oF the medium chrouxh itrich it passes.
For intance, suppole a BO or Sprins Axed aE.
16 Foot abore a HTorizontal RoOr, irtrich is neaE
the space that a heary body trom rest will descend.
perpendiculartr in a second ot time. IF a Spring de
liver thebods inthe Horizontal line with a Velocier
that mores it 16 Foor in a second ot time, then 1II
it FaIl at 16 Foottiom theperpendicular point on the
Roor orermhich ic ras delivered mich lueh Velocitr,
and by ies motion haII deleribe in the AIr. Or SpacC
chrouoh rhichicpasses, a Parabola. IF che Sprins bC
bentto tvice the tormer Pension, (0 a5 to deliver che
bodr rith double the Velocity in a Hloricontal Linc,
thac is, wich a Velocier that moves 32 Fooc in a le-
cond, thensall thebod touch che RoOr in a point
verr near at 32 Fo0c From che atorelaid perpen.
dicular point, and the Line ot the motion oF the.
bodr, Coocall. Be mored in a. l’arabola, or a Linc.
verr near it, I lay very near it, by realon that chC
ImpedtiMENE

## Folio 22 — 859264114:0028
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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 38 lines, status machine
Impedimene ofche medium doch hinder the exactnets
OF it. IF it b0 delivered rich creble, quadruple.
quintuple, sexcuple, exc. the Arst Velociey it Maii
touch the Aoor at almost treble, quadruple, quintu-
Dle, sextuple, exc. the Airst distance. IMall nocnecd
tothem chereason rhy ic is mored in a l’arabola, it
havins been Cutticiently demonstrated lons Cince by
manv others.
IE the body be delirered by the Spring at the AOOF,
buc Bocby lome Angle uxmards, knomins wichurtrat
Velocier ehe Came is mored wrhen delivered, and rith
wrhrat Inclinationto the Perpendicular the lame is di-
rected, and the erue Velocirr ot a Falling body, vou
may calisy knom thelenoth oF thc Factus or Moc, and
the cime it wiltipend in pastins chac lenoth.
Thisis found by comparine the time oF its alcent
ith chetime ot the descent ot hearrbodies. TheaF
cent oF ans body is casils bnomn by comparins IEs
Velocier wich the angle oF inclination.
Lec abthen in the Atth Pigure reprelent 16 FoOt, Or
the space descended by a heary body in a second
minute oF time. IF abody besotFrom b, in the Linc
bfrich a Velocies as much Critter than thac equal
motion oF 16Foot in a second, asthis Lincb fis longer
than ab thebod MaII Fallac e; For in the lame (pacc
OF time thac the oblique equal motion mould make
it alcend From b d to a c, willehe accelerated direct
motion domnmardmore ic From ac to b d, and chere-
Fore at the end ot the space ot one second, When the
motions do equal and balance cach other, the body
must be in the lame Hlorizontal Line in irtich it masat
Arst, buc remored alunder by the space b e, and FOr
the poines it passeth chrough in all the intermediate
Spaces this method will determine it.
Let thc Parallelogram abpq then represent
the wrhole Velocitr oF the alcent ot a body by
an equal motion of 16 F00c in a second, and
ihe Friansle Par reprelent che rhole Velocity

## Folio 23 — 859264114:0029
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/859264114/jpgs/default/00000029.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 39 lines, status machine
OE the accelerated descendins motion, p bis thenthe
Velocier rich rhich the body isttrot, and pis the
Doint ot rest irhere che porrer. Ot Graviey begins to
rork onthe body and make it descend. Noi dra-
ing Lines parallel to agr, 255tu, st sires che Velo-
ciey ot che point r’alcendins, and tn the Velocier oF
chelame point t descending.
Again, p b st signities chespace ascended, and pFn
the Space descended, (0 that subtractine the descent
tromtheascent rou havetheheioht abore thelincb d,
theconsideration of this, and the equal proorels FOr-
ards rill sire che incermediace Velocicies, and de-
termine the points of the Parabola.
No havins che factus siven by this Scheme ox
Scale, appropriatedto theparticular Velocitr, irhere-
with auy body is mored in this orthac line oF Incsi-
nation, ic mill be calie to fnd miat Velocity in anv
Inclination mill chro it to any length; Por in any
Inclination as the (quare oE the Velocier thusfound in
this Scale for any inclination is to the square oF any
Ocher Velocier, (0 is the distance found by chis
Seale to the distance anlverins tothe second Velo-
city.
Phare not nom time to inlarge upon this speculati-
on, irhich rould aftord matter enough to AII a V0.
lume, by irhich all the difticulties aboue impresed
and receired motions, and the Velociries and effects
relultins ould be casilr resolved.
Norhareinom cime co mention the great number
OF ules that are and may be made ot Springs in MC-
chanick contrivances, but Mail only add, FhaEOF aII
Springy bodiesthereis none comparable torhe Rir For
ehe valtness oF its porver ot extention and contracti.
On. Epon this Principle I remember to have scen
lons sinee in Wadham Colledse, in the Carden oFthe
lcarned Dr. Wilhins, late Bistop OF Chester, a P’oun-
tain (o contrived as by the Sprins ot the included
Aix tochrom up t0a greac heishe a larse and lactine
Preard

## Folio 24 — 859264114:0030
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/859264114/jpgs/default/00000030.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 28 lines, status machine
Aream OF ater: Which ater as Ars Forced into
the Leaden Cistern chereot by tro Force Pumps
ertrich did alternatelz rork, and (o condense the Rir
included into a CmaIl RoOm. The contrivance Ot
trhich Engine ras noc unknomn to the ancients, 28
Elero in his Spiritalia does sufficientlr manitest, nor
vere chey mancins in applvins it torery good ules,
namelr, For Engines tor quenchins Arc: A5Vitruvius
(bythe help ot the Ingenious Monsieur Clande Per-
raults interpretation) hach acquainted us in the
Tweleth Chapter ot his Tenth Book, irhere he en-
dearours to delcribe Ctesibius his Enoine For quench-
insfire. Noc long since a Cerman here in Fneland
hath added a Further improvement thereot by con-
regins che constane Aream of mater through Pipes
made oF well tanned and liguored Lcacher, jorned
together to any convenient lenoth by the help ot
brazen Screms. By Wrhich che Crcam oF ater may
beconvered to anx conreniene place throushnarron
and othermile inaccessible paltages.
Theingenious Dr. Denis Pappin hath added a Fur-
ther improrement that mar be madetothis Ctesibian
Enoine by a nem and excellent contrivance ot his omn
For makring ot thetorcing Springe or P’ump, rrhich at
mr desire he is pleased to communicate tothe Pub-
liqueby chis Follomins Description, Which he sentme
COmetime CInCC.
DE. Pappins

## Folio  -  — 859264114:0031
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ag: 2G.
E. Dus quud L.
F
1111
Bn. N
r9.
CJ. L oiton. N

## Folio  -  — 859264114:0032
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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 5 lines, status machine
e
o
fsnss
DERSÄCHSISCHE LANDESBIBLI
tur: Leibn. Mar9. 105, Suick I: Leion. Mar9. 105, (3

## Folio 25 — 859264114:0033
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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 32 lines, status machine
lappInS Letter contamine
Description of a W ind-Fountain, and
his oun particular contrivance about the
forcer of its Sprinse.
Tncc che Artificiat F’ouneain rou have (cen aC
_ HIr. Boyles (Which ras oF my makins upon his
detire) hath beem (0 plealine co rou as tomake
rou desire t0 sec my description chereat, I CanHOL
doube but the Pame will bcas gratetul al(o, and Weii
receired by the Publick, especially irhen cher MaII
therein And a remedy For one oE the grearest incon-
reniencesof Forcing Pumps, Wrtrich arc oE (0 oreat
ulc For raisins oF mater, and quenching oF Ares. Phis
rasthe occalion ot my Pending rou this present de
seription, irhich rould noc hare been thus prolix
had it been only tor vour (eIF.
Inthe Figure then A A is the Recepcacle or body
oF the Fountain caretul Podcred in aIl places, BB is
the PumP, C. C the Pluo Or Forcer, Da Pipe in the
middle oF the Plug, Wrhich is pertectir sut and Rop-
Ded irhen the Plate F P is Forced dorn upon it, F F
is the Plate wich a hole in che midale, uxon rhichis
Todered a Pipe P, irhich Perres For a handle tomove
the Plug up and donn.
Ois a Cock acthetop oF the Pipe, Wrhich serres
to moderate the Tetto or stream.
HHis a Valre ac the boccom of the Pump, irtich
openeth outmard For the passage oE the ater out ot
thc Dump intothe P’ountain or Receptacle.
TTis aCrOIS at the top oF the Plus cohinderche
elate E P. From beins dramn or leparated 100 Far
Trom

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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 40 lines, status machine
C
Erom the hole D in wortring it t0. and Fro.
R R arc trro Pins Perving bochtoforce donn and
kecp openthe ValreHIII.
I. L aretro Appendices Podered unto the FOp OF.
the Pipe PF, Perving boch For a handle eo theR 94
oF che Forcer, and allo tokeep domnthe Forcer.
M Mt are trro other appendices or buctons Fastned
ac thecop ot thetro (mall Pillars NN, (0 a5 to tum
uponthe lame, and serve to halp or bucton domnthe
ends LL oF the handle oF the Forcer thac it bc nOt
drivenup again.
OO is the Balnfor receivine the mater thac FaIIS.
From the Tec or stream From Wrhich it may beforced
againinto che l’ountainor Receptacle.
For chargins this Machine che Balin OO must Erst
be Alled ith water, and then the Dump must Bc
worked to and Fro. In doins ot mhieh, irtien che
Plusis dramn upmards themater in the Balin runs in
throush che cross (chrough wrhich theRodF PPaF-
Les,) rhere finding che hole Dopen it EIIs chespaCeS
oF che bortom oE the Pump; then the Pump BCins
thus Alled, che Plus is to bc Forced dornirards,
Wrhiereby che Plate P F being closely applied to the
brims oF thehole Dhinders the ater trom return.
iro back again chrough the lame, but is forced
throvoh the valve HI II incothe Fountain A A. And
by repeatins this operation al rhe ater ot che Basin
Oo is calily Forced into the atorelaid Fountain,
Wrhereby all the Air chacmascherein contained iscom-
pressedmore orlelsaccordine as more or lels mater is
Forced io, and kepe in thac comprection by thevalve
H E, irtrich hinders che Water thaE it CAHNOE rC-
turn chroushthe lame.
Butrhen rou desire eo hare it return, vou Force
donnthe Plug hard against the borom or plate,
Wrhich by chehelp oE the atorelaid Pins Or APPen
dicesHER Force, and keep open the ralre HIHI, and
heRodF beins tepe Fast domnin this posture by che
aForelaid

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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 39 lines, status machine
atorelaid BVIEtONS OP TTaIPS M MI upon opening thC
CockOthe mater returneth chronsh the valre HITI
Sokeptopen, chroush che hole D, and chrougk thc
arhole lengeh ot the PipeF.
This was ot pustins a valre into the PIuX OEFOr-
cino Pumps will Bc ot great use tor aIl such as serve
For supplyins Fornsmich mater, and For quenching
OF Eire, as preventing a great incorivenience to wrhich
thecommon Pumps are ulually subject from the Nir
prhich is apt to be generated michin them, which Air
upon morkins che Caid Pump remaimine belo che
Forcer, and by its Expansion ihen the Plus is deamn
uprards, hindrins the mater trom filling the wrhole
Cavicy bencachie, and by its Condenlation irhen the
Pluxis Forced donrards, loline a great part ot the
Arensth oF theforce, much of the effect ot chelaid
Machinc is Frustraced.
For preventing oF ihich Inconrenience care is to
Betakcen that the mater in all chese Forcins PumpS BC
admicted br thetop thereotas in the present Machine,
Wrhereby Wrhaterer Rir Mall be generated belor the
Plug, will readily rise intothe hole D as being the
hishest place next the Plate F. P, From Whence irten
br the draming up oF thePlus thePlace is lifced From
thebrims oF thehole Dthe Nir will readily dip up
and the mater as readilu descend and fII ai the
parts oF the Pump belon the Plug. ASI hare often
experimented in this prelent Machine.
Some Persons mar object against chese Hind of
valres, assuppolins the pressure ot the atertobeon
therrrone sidethereot. But it is casie to be noted
thac chis objection is groundless, since it is the Pame
thins wrhether che Plate be pressed against the Rim
OEthevalre, orthe Rim oF theralve againtthe plate.
In common valres the Prelture ot the Water Forceth
thc Plate against the Rim: Bue in this the Rim against
thePlace; For the remainine Colid Rim oF the valve,
beins madethrice as bis asthehole or Cariey chereot,
t

## Folio 28 — 859264114:0036
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# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 34 lines, status machine
the pressure ot the mater against that Rim Forel
the Taid Rim against che Plate in the midele chrec
times harder than if the pretture ot the mater lar
ouls on cheplate oEthe ralue, thelame mouldbe prel.
Sed agaim (C thC RIm.
T0. this Discourse oF an Artificial P’ountam l
thoushe it noc improper to add an ingenious Dil-
courle OFM. Fames Ponns OE Plimonth conceinins his
omn Obserrations and Opinion concernins natural
Fountains and Sorines.
P Arins non sained time, trom my ocher aro-
 B, cations, Phare dramn up thole obserrations.
P. told rou I. tiad made in my cravels, irhich had
contirmed in me cheopinion oE my Lord Bacon, thac
Founcains and Springs vere the Pereolation oF
the SCa; nOT (a5 vour CelE, MIT. Ray, 8C. d0 aNCNE)
Erom cherains descent into the larth, I. nOW repre.
Cenethem co rour consideration, rather as an ApolOgy
(becaule thes scem rational) to exeule, chan APgU-
ments to julcitie and arom che prelumption OF m;
dissent.
The ArH MaIl Be che Phaenomena, I obserred at
TBC de Mayo, irhrich liech in che Porrid Zone, about
chirceen degrees and 30 minutes, Norch From thc
Equator. leS about Six Leagues lone, and FOur
broad, che mind bloweth constancy Norch KaIE, OL
chereabout, and mithoutrains except threc meeks in
July, Wrhen ic hach many Bhoers; l here send vou a
Mtap OE che Iand, as exactly asIeould dea ic. 1
ras chere trro Voyages, and cach remained a FuIl
monch, thebestpart et irhich PEpent inhuncins, and
ransins che IPand; chererunneth chrough chemidale
Os ita Rorulet, OE very pure Water; IE catses ies rile
trom

## Folio  -  — 859264114:0037
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e
ne oe mare
ne
Palt Pond
The WcU
ag: 29.
JL
El
Measjurnae
e
D
 Simall Villag Wotrer
Enacives intrabit
IIS axerans SSW. fromou
about 6 L eaques distant.

## Folio  -  — 859264114:0038
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11
1
ll 1t1tt 1tit ttit
mrmmmmmmu
oegunumu
ocre
rur: Leion. Marg. 105, Stck J: L eIBn. Mar9. 10
eeeeeeeeee ee 

## Folio 29 — 859264114:0039
# Source image: https://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/content/859264114/jpgs/default/00000039.jpg
# Model: FoNDUE-GD_v2_ft_Leibniz, run 74, 2026-09-06T16:05:13Z — 39 lines, status machine
Erom the bocom oEtro FTills, hichlie onthe North
Fastend; Theltream at the place marked D, is abOuE
Fourteen foor ide and tro decp; ocher thon rhich
there is no Freth vrater on the rhole IMand, exCCPE
irtrat our people dig out oE the Cand betreen the
Occan and the CaIEFond.
The Caid Pond is in a laroe Bar, at the Wesc Side
oF theiMand, irhich hath from onc point eo another
abarkoF Sand; about tro or three fooc abore atei,
corering the Bar like a Pring to aBor, the Caid bank
in the Flemistr Road is about r50 foor wide, at the
Fnplism Road it is as broad again; there is nerer any
senlible cbbins or Rorine OF the Sea, ouly ac FuII
MOonS, Or a day betore. Ic rileth in high BillOns,
Wrhich break over the Bank, at the Norck end oF the
Pond, Wrhere it is lorest: By iwhich means che Pond
is replenisted rith mater, Which condenseth into
Salt in tro dars.
The Sand diridinq the Caid Pond and che Sea is
verr tinc and loole. Nor becaule the betore-men-
tioned Rirulet disembognes Car From the Roads at an
inconrenient place For Boats, therare constraincd t0
dig WVelIS, in che midt of che bank oF Sand, be-
tircen the Pickle oF che (aIE Pond and the Sea,
the manmex ThUS: They ArsE diss a Dic abouc cighC
ooc decp, and cherein lay trro Horheads, che
one on the topoEthe other, the head out os boch lave
the lorvermost oF the decpelt; the sides oE boch
arc. al(0 FuIl oF Gimlet holes, and the Cand laid
close to them: Atier erreney tour hours they have
three or Four Foocof very dlean mater in chem, irhich
beins dipped out, vou plainty sec EHC nEI WaTCE
Prain senely chroustr chole holes in che Ades OF the
Cosk: REter Wrhieh, in a dass cime, one man actend.
ins ic, may deam abouc ten Hloheads or more oF ma-
cer, a litele caltins oE Sale, noc (o mueh but chac it is
drintcable, and verr Ec to boyl meat in, and is uled
by chose chat come chere 1o load C attle, For cheir
COmmOn

## Folio 30 — 859264114:0040
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L
common drinke. I hare in the Mlap placed the sion
Orhere our Well masmade.
The next obserrations, pertinent to this subject I
made at the IPand Lipari, Dear Sicily, aBOUE AIXTCCM
Leagues From Messina; it isfamous tor thebest Rai
Tins in the Mediterranean; there is on it a large Ca-
CelC a (mall Fomn, many Vincrards, and about one
hundred Pamilies, belides lome Reliciose Ijudge it
Wants a AEh parE oF thebigness OFthe IDC de Mavo,
it ismostly very high Land, especially onc Mountain
On hich stands a Watch Forer, Whencea manmar
sec amonstrous distance at Sea, asis contirmed by de
Rupter. In therelacion hegires the states ot FTolland,
Wrherein hetellsthem, chac trom thac place they dis-
cerned the French Flcets approach lone betore they
coutd trom any ocher part, cither oF cheir oirn or
the ocher IMand. I am Cure ic is much higher than
cither that at the IAC de Mayo, or any Thare scen in
Fneland, and vet on this fair Fruittul IMand springS
nocone drop ot mater, the Intrabitants Corins them-
selres withrain, irhich Falling very Frequendy, cher
are caretul to prelerre in Cilteins, divers eslays have
been made in the most promisine part oF it to find
Springs by diggins WVells, one oF chose rrhich I CaW
ras without doube che decpest in Furope, Premem-
bernocthe exact protundier as ther related it, butI
have not Forgot, thac chromins in a cone it Was
lons ere it gor to the bortom, and then returned
such a noise as it had been the discharge oF a
Musquet.
The cause oF this drinels mas by the people
thoushtto be subterrancan heats, ab lumine theWater,
buc no such thino appearins, to the sense oF those
chat disged the Wells, I gare no taich to thaL per-
Suasion; ther taner such heats partly trom the mant
oF water, but mostly because the Tour adjacent
TMands, Stromboli, Vulcano. Vulcanella, and M. Aitna-
are constanely burnins, and very near them.

## Folio 31 — 859264114:0041
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Theobrious carth oF this place is loore, and in aII
apparene qualities very good, but by the heaps thac
had been chromn ux, in diggins thc Wells, I Par the
inferiour carth as clammy, or lilse clar, that hac
Tome srealie summous marter commixed, Thisthe
Relisious told me ras che very kind et Sulxhur
Wrhich constanez borled out ot the burninq Crannr
On Vulcanella; and irhereith als those Islands abound-
ed, noc exceptins cheir omn, though it vere nocyet
kinaled.
For my third obserration, Twill s0 noFarther than
the place oF my prelent abodc, Pummonth, in rrtrich
on a kind oF Pia2za, commonly called the Nem- Rey
Ca plat ot ground goc in trom the SCa) is a WVcII
Wrhich (betore cheerer Famous Sir Francis Drahe by
cuetiva a Rivulec ot thirer miles procured us Water
in great pleney) ras oE common ule, havine (aS at
ehis daz) a Pump in it; about seven vears since (BC-
ins betore che Rey was inlarged) the Well IaSNOE
abore eiohe foor tromthe edge thereot, over irhich
the Sea mouid Frequenty Roir, irhen a tioh out-
rind ane a Spring Iide concurred, I Cay this WeII.
thovoh loncar the Sea, vieldech clean Water, and a5
Crcet 5a mixture oF chrec parts trem and one oF CalE
acer rould bc. About an hundred vards From thac
onoround a licele risino, is d verr large WeII, irtricti
Supplieththrce or Four Bren houles, Dy irhole drinte
it is evident chat the mater hach noc holly quitred
its salt. IE is eo be noced, that Plimmonth liethon a.
Penintula three miles lons, and trro broad, the IIth-
inus about trochirds oF a mile ide, and noc very
hioh fromthe surtace oE a FuII Sea. There are many
WVells in ie thosenear the sea are Caltist, chose tar-
ther From it the lesS (0.
y Fourch obscrration Pcake From the late Famous
French Fraveller Monsieur Paverner, Wrho in his first
Volume, discourting oF the C OaltOE Coromandel, XC.
he Paich chey chere mane trem ater, and arc con
Straincd

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crained to make pits oF erro Poor decp intheland by
cheSea totind it.
The hEch obserration, and which Pwould calt etie
most Bigniticant, vere 1 altured oE its truth, l had
From a very ingenious Chirurscon, irho had uled thc
West Indias, that chere is in that Sea an IPand called
Rotunda, OF a Fgure agreeable to its name, rhrich,
chough very Imall, hach on ic, aritins in che midale,
a Sprins ot a very large Cream oE ater, at ertrich
our Stips Frequenely Furnih chemselres in cheir Navi-
sation, he attirmed thac ic raineth there buc once à
vear, a5 at the IBIC de Mayo; Pavins withal, thac che
Tlland is Comort ot a proxortion big enouphforthe
Cream, thac it ic constanes rained, ic could not bc
supply enoust to mantain (o larse an P HUZ.
Ny sixth and last, is the relation oE DC. Domnes
concernins Barbadoes, viz. chatall cheir Springsvere
Formerly very near thesca; chat up in theCounry
chey supplicd chemletres trom che rains by disgins
Dits in thecarth, able to contain great quancities, and
there preservins ic; Wrhch cher did a vers lons time
(therainsbeins there as untrequent 25 at the IIC de
Mayo) and thac rithout aur senble diminution by
penetratins and delcending into the carth; and to
prevent the lols chereot br che extralations oF the
Sunthes coreredic with leaves, esc. but that nor by
diggins deeper chey find Sprines lo plenty chat no
Plancation is rithout Onc.
From all cheseobserrations the Follorrins consecta-
ries domechanicallr result.
From the Arstit appeareth chat fome Springs have
manifestlr cheir Cource From the Sca; chat Cand (vec-
tens transcolated Sca-Water, and that even pickle
Straincdchrough it loseth much of ies Calinels cherebr.
all Wrhichis crident From the Well therein mentiored,
erhose marer could not poltiblr be ocher than What
Coaked in trom the Pond andche Ocean.
flCnCC

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Fence also is manisest chaE constane and laroe
Fluxes or macer may be made Por eleventh monchs
rithoue rain to retiI che subterranean Cilterns, sup-
poledbr rou to suxply chem; chis appears From the
River runmine chrough the IMand, by irhose banks
PFound (it being Aprit When Pmasthere, ac wrtich
time ther had been ten months without rain) thM
alcer their Mhorers it could run buc little laroer that
it did aster Poredious a mant oF them. I had FOrgOt
to intimate in the relation, that thole ero Hlommets,
A. are crasor Rocks, Whereon live a great number
OE GOaES, and are COnEEguey very unE, iCnOE
incapable, cither toreceire, or contain the Mlaraxine
For ehe supplr OF cheRivulet.
From the second it is manifest, chat higher Moun-
tains ot carth, and conseguentlr more likelr eo re-
ceire and contain lufticient quantier of rain-mater to
beget and suppls Springsand Rivers hare noc alrays
that effect, althouph there as one preat advantare
more added here, viz. a clammy eyre carth in the
boctom tomakre the suppoled Ciltem the better able
to contain theltore. ICar, that trequent rain EOHII,
hist Mountains to contain, loole perrious carth to
receire, and a reil luced bortom to suppore and re-
tan (beins aIl the qualifications and circumstances
suppoled necellary tomatse and continue Springs ac-
cording tothe modern Hrpothelis) though all herc
concurred, did nocmichtanding Fait of producine chac
effect.
Fromthe Came it is also manifest, that Wrhere Springs
Fail, Writhout manc oF the causes chatFIy pothesis sux-
poleth necessary to produce them, the occation hath
beentrom un opparent defect incheocher (chat isthe
imperrioulness oFche carth chrough wrhrieh the mater
multpass belorea Sprins can beproduced) bochthele
appeared at Lipary, irhere the general eect a Sprins
Or Fountain ras mantine, togecher with the caules
OF our Hypochelis, chough chose ot the other vere
manifestly

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C3
manifestr existent, and mith all the adrantares ne-
cellarr: It Ccemins tome a very rational conjecture,
thac che grealie clammy Sulphur, Whererich chac
carch mas impreonated, did by oppilatins it hinder
the insinvation oE theSca intoit.
From chethird obserration rou have che hrst de
duction contirmed, viz. Thac Springs are Pometimes
manifestly Erom the Sca; Fhaccarth Cireetens Sca- Wa-
ter by Percolation; And chat chenearer Springs are
tothe Sea, chemorether retain ol their priltine Calt-
nels, and lose it by sentible degrees, ad they infinuate
Fartherthroughit.
By che Fourchchelameis, contirmed.
The AEch proveth, that large Areams Rorr ithoue
any postibilier oF beins supplied by rain, boch For
Wrant oF Tuch rain, andot dimentions to receire and
containic.
Thesixch docheridence, that rain doch noc pene-
crace the Surtace oF the carth, even in a very dey
Parched Country, anct in the Torrid Lonc, and vec
That Sprinos are under ic, rhich aE OnCC prOVeSOUES,
andrefutes the other opinion; the former appears by
the macer in thole made Ponds, lyins chere For a
lono time richout any sensible lolsthereoFby its leat-
ins into the carth: The lacer By thc WVellS near che
Sea, and thole Found lince under chat impervious
Lend.
HTe thacisnoc altogether a Rranger 10 che weixt,
prelture, and Flalticiey oE che air, ehe ascension ot
liguors chrourh Pilters, and Pome otter resembline
Phaenomena, vould noc acconne the like motion ot
thecranscolated rater to tigh hills, to bc an obje-
ction of any torce against this Hypothelis, but lure
such Colutions are Do lels beyond my abiliey chan
delion.
Findins Thare Paper cnough left, Y will presume
totrouble rou withone rare appearance more, that
occurred t0 one Wr. Brasey oE this Forn, an ascd
anc

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35
and very fat man, irho by cakcino spirit oF Virioi
in his morninss draustts (to Wrhrich he ras adviled
25 a remedy to altrase the exriberance oF his belly)
Found that it had no effect on his body; but that a
bundle oF Keys, Wrhich heuled to carry alirays about
him, and chat monted to be verr smooch and brioht,
ot a ludden became black and rustr, thouxh he ne-
ver handledche Spirit, nor carried ic in his pocket, (0
that re concurred in opinion thar che lUdOrOuS P Mu-
via oEhisbody, impregnated rith che Acid Spirit, hact
Occationed it.
IF (0, IEs very wondertul, chac so maII a quantier
thereot, irhen diluced wich so much juice as is con-
tained in luch a corpulent man, Bould even insteam
and che insensible lmanations mate imprestions on
Smoothtron, mauser theperpecual actrition, by car-
rying them in his Pocket, Wrhereby luch an effect
(onc rould think) Mould be prevented, orCoonrab.
Bed oF. Trras roine to makce lome reflections on
ehis notable accident, butL consider, ec.-
Plimmoncte
May. 5, 1678.
es ebs.

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FI F OriginalOF. Springsis chat which hach ex
u
ercised thc Pens OE many lcarned WVriters
and very various have been the conjectures concern
ningit. But amonost all Phare mec rith lconceire
nonemore probable than that which scemsto Fetchits
original From thellistorr oF the Creation mentioned
in Holy Wric; chat is, chac chere is a MagazinC OF
aters aboreas reIl a5 a Receptacle oF Waters upon
Or benenth the surtace of the Farth: And chat the
Rir isthat Firmament wrhich separates becreen the
uxper and lover maters, and becreen thele tro is
the circulation oF raters (or bloud ofthe Micro
colm, it. Imay (0callic) pertormed. Themater Be-
ins Cometimes by a particular constitution OF the AIT
allisted by heac, rarihed and separated inco minuter
Darts, and Po reduced into the form oE Air, and
therebr being dirided into Particles really Emaller
chanthole oF cheair in compaltins, and asitated wicti
agreater degrec of motion, thes tale up more lpace,
and (o become ligtiter than the Ambient, and are
thereby elerated and protruded upmards cill chey
come to their place of poise or lquilibrium in the
RIr: AC Ocher times by a differine consticution ot
che Rir and deticiener ot heac ther lole cheir agitati
on and mans of them arain coalelce, and Poharine
Delsmotion ther condense and revere into mater, and
Co, beins heavier than the incompaltins Air, descend
domnasainto che Farth in Mists, Rain, SnOI, Hail,
Ox thelike.
Thacchereis Tach a Circulation Tchink chere is none
doubes, but silt ic remains a difsiculer (rith those per-
Consthat granc this) that all Rivers and Springs Mould
hare cheir original trom the Watex that Falls Or COn
dences outot che RIr.
To pertuade such persons it may noc postibly bc un-
Successtul Fomention:

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First, Thac the great inundations or overAomine
oF Rivers manitesly proceed cither From the Rain
chatimmediatels FalIs, Or trom chemelting OF SnO Or
Tccthat hathformerly Fallen on the mOre eminenE PaRES
et Mountains; to contirm irhich, Hliltories enouxt
mioht bebrouoht ere it neceslarr oE Nilus, Nicer, CEC.
Secondlr, That it hach been obferred and compu-
ted that communibus annis es locis; there FallS ater
enoush trom the Sky in actual Rain, Sno, or Hail up-
on che Surtace oF Fneland to lupply allthemater that
runs back into che Scabr the Rivers, and also all chat
mas beluppoledto craporato, nay, chouxh the quan-
city oFche hrs be suppoled trrice asmuchi asreally it
15. This Phare been altured by those that hare both
experimented and calculated ic.
Thiralr, Thac there is not vet certainly (thatY
hnom or have heard oF) any other ray oE makcino
salemater Frestr, buc by Vistillacion; Wrhich, had there
been such an APE, it rould in all probabiliey have
beenmade uleot, and (ochere is lictle probabilier that
the Springs ac thetop oE a high Hill Mould procecd
Fromthe Sca- mater Strained chrongh the carth. BuE
rere there uch a Elcration knonn P hinted in my AF-
cempt, publistred anno 1660 about Filtration, hoir
Comemhat oF chaclind mighe be explained.
Fourchly, Fhac chis Operation is constanely and
mostcertainly pertormed by Nature Boch in extralins
and dramine up Frestr seams and rapours Fromthe Sea,
and all moxst bodies, and in precipitating them donn
again in Rain, Sno, Hail, but ot theocher me have
nO CertaInEY.
Filchlr, Phare obserred in scveral places Wrhere a
Trechach Atood uxon an bish HilI, Cinsly and parti
culariy at the bro OF BOX HLIII near Darhine in Sup-
ry chacthebody of che Precis continually wet, and
at the rooe lome quancier ot ater, which is alirays
Tonkins and sliding donn Erom the Branches and bo-
dy oE the Prec, the lcares, sprigo, and branches ot
thC

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the Paid trees collectinq and condensine continuay
the moyst part OF the Rir, the Came beinq indeed a
true and lively reprelentation oF a River. NOr
has it been my obtervarion alone, but the lame is
mentioned by divers Authors: And it is aftirmed
by Tome Authors, that there are Pome IMlands in the
Forrid Zone irhich have no other mater in them
than irhat is condensed out oF che Air by the Prees
at thetopsoF cheHills, and converted into drops ot
Rain.
Sixthly, Thac ic is generally obserred, Whercever
chere are high Hills there are generallr mans springs
round about the boctoms ot them ot verr fret and
elear water, and ofcen times lome ihich rise very
neor thetops oE them, irhich seems to procced From
their sreat eleration abore the otter plain Cuperticial
Parts ot the carth, whereby the dir being dactred
and broken against them, ther help to condense the
rapours that arcelerated into the higher and cooler
Regions oF the ir, and (0 Perre like Filtres to dram
dornthole rapours (o condensed, and conver them
into the Vallers beneath, And hence icis verr ulual
in Couneries where there arc high HTiIISto sec the tOpS
oF them ofcen corered with clouds and mists, rhen
it is clear and dey reather beneath in che Vallers.
And in the paltine throush thole clouds on thetop
Thare very often Found in them very chick mists and
Tnallrain, Whereas as Loon as I have descended From
che higher intoche lorver parts oF the HiIIS, none oE
that mistor rain hath Fallenthere, though Pcould sii
perccire chelame milts to remain about theFOP. C ON-
Conantto chis Observation mas onc related tome by
an inrenious GenEleman NIr. C7. P. Wrho one oF curio
olier wich ocher Genelemen Wwhilse he lived in che
IPand oF Teneriss, one oF the Canaries made a journer
eothe cop oE that prodisious hish Mouncain, called
the Pikc. The substance oF irhich (tothis purpose)
iras, that che Caldera or hollor Carity, at thevery

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Fop thereos he obserred co be rery Pabby and moyst
and thecarch co Dip underneach hisfeet, beins a very
moyst (OFtC lay or Lome like mortar. And Farther,
thac ac a C are, noc tar trom the top, therc WaS a
sreat quantier oF very trem mater, irhich ras con-
cinvally supplicd, though great quantities of lce mere
continuall fetch d trom thence, and carried donn
into the IMand tor cooling their Wines. Consonant
torrhich Obserration iras that wrhich mas related 10
me by che inquisitire Hr. Pdmund Fally made in
Sc. Flelena erhrilst he Cayed there to oblerre the places
OF the StarS OF the Southern LLemIIPherC, in OrdercO
perfect che Calestial Olobe. Iaring then placed
himselE uxon onc oF cho hixhest Prominences ol that
(malI IBand irhich he Found eo be no lels than 3000
Foot Perpendiculariy abore the Surtace oF the Sea
next adjornins, suppolins thac mighe be the most
convenient place For his deligned obserration; HC
quicklr found his expectation much deceired as to
that purpose For rrhich he chole it; For being Otten
Cohigh into the Rir the motion oF it Was (o violent as
much to disturb his Instrumenes; Buc wrhich Was mOre,
he Found such abundance oE milts and morsture chac
it unolued the Tubes, and corcred his Glastes pre-
senely rich aDer; and rrhick Wras vet more, che
Fogos and milts almost continually hindred the Cphe
OE EHC STAES. But upon remorins to a lorver stacion
in the IBand he as Erced From the Former InCOn
VenIenCCS.
Lcould relate manz Fistories oF chis nature, iwhere-
by ic leems very probable, chac noc only HiIIS, but
Woods alio, do very much contribute to thecon-
dentins oF themoxsture of the air, and convertins
ic into mater, and thereby eo supply the Sprinssand
Rirulers wichfrestr rater: And Jam contidene, wrho-
Foever Balt consider his omn observation et chiona.
ture, and compare them rith this Theory, will sind
mans argumenesto contirm it. Horerei, Nullius in
verba–

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1
verba, L et Fruth only prevail, and Theories Conihe
no Furcher chanrighe reasonins From accurate ObTer-
vacionsand Experiments doth contirm and agrec wich
them.
Flaving thus delivered here Pomerrhat oF my omn
thougtts concernins Sprinss and Rivers, tindins
amone lome oF my P’apers a Relation, Wrhereina very
Srange subterraneous Ciltern is mentioned, I hare
here subiorned it as I receired ic From MC. Thomas
Alcock From Bristol wrhro together with Sir FTumphry
Flooke ras by Wrhilst Captain sammet Sturmy made chis
inquirr, and irho by interrogatories made to him,
Dennd ehis Relation tor him as it Follois ver-
batim.
NV pursuance oF FIis Majesties Commands to me at
a the prelentins oF my Mariners Macazine, Thave
wichmuch diligence, lome charge and peril endeavou-
red to dilcorerthat great C oncarity in the carthinCilo-
cesterstire, Tour miles From Kinerode, Wrhere His Ma-
jecties great Shripsride in thesevern. And I And By
experience thac rhat hasbeen reported oE chat place
isfabulous, Whilst Ithus describe it.
Tpon the sccond oF Fuly 1669. I descended by
Ropes afixE at the top ot an old Lcad Oare
Pit, Tour Pachoms almost perpendicular, and trom
thence three F’achoms more obliquely, Becreen tro
Sreat Rocks, Wrhere IFound the mouth ot thisspaci-
ous place, From which a Minc man and my selF
Lorerdour selres by Ropes trency Are Fathomsper-
pendicular, into a very larse place indeed, relem-
blino tO usthe fOrm OF a FIOrTC. 10O; For We Buck
lighted Candles aIl the ray re ment, to dilcover
irhat me could fnd remarkeabole; at lensch we came
toa Rirer orgreat Wacer, prhich I Foundto betrentr
Fachoms broad, and cighi Fathoms decp. TheMine-
man rould have pertiraded me, thac this River
Ebhed and Flomed, For thatlometen lathoms abore
1

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etie place re non mere in me Pound the ater hac
Tometime) been, but I prored che contrary by
Carins cheretrom threc hours Eloud EO EVO hOurS
Fbb, in trhich time re tound no alceration of chis
Rirer; Belides, its wacers vere trett, lereet, and
cool, and the Surtace of this Water a5 IC is NOW AE
cighttathom decp, lies lorrer than the bortom or any
part et the SevernSea near us, Po that it can have no
community richit, and consequently neither AuX nor
retlux, buc in Wincer and Summer, 25 aIl Stagnas.
Lakces, and Lousts (Wwhich I take this to b0) h25.
A5 we were malteins by chis River chirey cwo ta-
thoms under ground, re dilcorered a great hollon-
nels in a Rock lome thirey FoOc above uS, (O That I ~OF
a Ladder dontous, and the Minc man wene upthe
Ladder tothat place, and malkd into it about three-
Peore and ten Paces, tiII he juse lOst SighE OF me, and
From thence cheartully calld tome, and told me, he
had Found whathe look d For (a rich Minc;) buchis
joy masprelently changed into amazemene, and here-
turned aftriohted by the sigheot an evil Spirit, ertich
ire cannot persiradehim Duthe la, and For thaL rCA-
Pon will cochither nomore.
Hereare abundance oF Strange places, the ROOr-
ino being a kind oF a irhrice stone, Enameled with
Lead Oare, and the Pendent Rocks vere glazed
rith Sale- Peter Wrhich distilled uxon them From abore,
and time had petritied.
Alter Pome hours Caythere, we ascended ithoue
much hurt, other than scratching oux selres in divers
places br eliming the Marp ROCkS, but FOUP dayStO-
sether atcer my retur trom thence lmas troubled
with an unulual and violent Flcadach, Wrhich l impute
comy being in chat Vault. This is a true acconnt ot
thac place (0 much talkF OF, described by me
Samuel Scurmi
n. Ld Y L

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C43
Plaring siren rou a Relation oE Pomething very
lor ichinchebomels oEche Farth, P nor Malladd,
An acconnt of a Tourney made to the hiehest part of the
carthby my Incenions Friend Mr. C. I. as I collected
it ont of the Memorials which he rorit at the time of
makins it: Theparticulars whereof vere,
1
Flat Angust chetrentieth, 1674. about Nine inthe
mormins; in compans ich Or. Sebastian de
Firanques, Mr. Christopher Prancis, MP. Thomas Prond-
foot, cosecher mith a Ouide, and ero othermen rith
horles co carry chemselres and necellary provision For
chie Tourney, he Pet out from
Ther passed up a HTill, irtrich was very scep, till
cher came to the Pinat Or Wood oF Pines. This
WVood licth verr high in the iMand, and extendeth ic
TelEErom oncend of theiMand to the other, and is in
mans places ot a great Breadth, and is very frequent
Iy corered rith a Bruma, Fog, ormilt, wrhich is (0
thickas to darken and hinder che appearance of the
Sunchroushit, and (0 moysE as to make onc vet in
Paltins chrouxh ic.
Throuoh chis WVood cher rode by a prettr Acep
alcent near trro Lcagues, crottins it till cher came to
thefurtherOr
.
Cle, rhere alightine cher rested
themselres under a Pinc, and Dincd. And the FO∞,
artrich had accompanied them through che irhole
Wood, here letrthem, andchesun appeared.
From hence ther parted about onc in the ACcer-
noon, and atter an alcent oF about hale a mile ofvery
bad Cony may chcy came co a Cands raz, trhich FOr
about the lengeh oF a Leaque ras preter plain; bue
chencher began to alcend a landy hill, rhich For haIF
a League Farther Was precty scccp, irhich having
Pasledthes arrired at thetooc of the Pike.
Here they aliohted, and then rested themselves
Torlome time, then taktins horle again, they began

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10 ascend che Pike it SeIF. This ParE OF IF WvaS (O
Ceex ehat the may ux it is made by several curninos
and mindinss to and tro to cale and alleviate the
Acepnes oF thc alcent, Wrhich erere othermise yn
pastable Forhorses. AII ehis part scems tobe nothine
elsebut Buent Cones and athes, Wrhich mar BaVe FOE-
merly tumbled domn from thehipher parts ofche Pike.
Ac this place they alioticed, and unloaded theie
horles oF the Provision oF Victual and mater irhich
ther vere Forced to carry mich them For their omn
accommodation, a5 allo oF the Provender For theie
horles. And presens lec chemlelres to proride
against che inconreniences of the ensuins nigne by
gectins cogether in the Arst place a g00d quantier oF
the rood ot a mallcrub, called Retamen, noc much
unlike our Englith Broom, irhich Grons there precty
plentifully, aud when dey burns very vell; then, ha-
ving gocten mood enougt, ther endearoured to Mel.
ter themselresasainst the piercins cold mind br heap.
ins ux a Wall. oF ctones on the mindrard Side, and
makins a g00d tre oE the dry Chrubsthey had collect.
ed to warm themtelves.
But (o turious mas ehe wind irhich came pourine
dorn From cach Cde oE the Mouncain chac it blew the
smoals and athes into their eres, and Forced them
(thoush much to cheir Regret by realon oF the ex-
creme piercine coldnels oF the Air) to remore their
Are Farcher oH. Andro kcep themlelres a5 Warm a5
ther couldby lyins domnuxonthe ground very clole
together. Thus cher possed the nishe together a5
rel as they could, buc mith very licele Accp, parcly
by realon ol the cold, and partis For the continual
expectation cher had os che moment nhen their Ouide
Would call chemto be mountins ux che Pike, irhrich is
uluallr about trro or chree hours betore dar, 10 the
end that chey may set up to che top betore the
ritins oF the Sun. POr at, the risives oF ehe Sun
the Air is the most clear, and all ehie IMands oF

## Folio 44 — 859264114:0054
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F.
L
ehe Canaries round about may be then plainty diseo
verca.
Bucat trro a clock, Wrhen cher ould have been
en their Tourner, the mind continued to blon rich
Such violence, that their Guide vouid by no means
venter to50 ux For Fear least in the elimbine ux lome
Acep placesthe mind Chould encounter any ot them,
and hurl them heaclone domn, (0 that ther vere
Forced to concinue and Phelter themselres in their bad
Lodgingstill che sun arole, and had goc lome maltery
oE themind.
About lix, a clock theretore cher let Formards on
cheir enterprise, having Crst caksen cach ot them his
dist ot Chocolatte to Fortihie their Romachs the bet-
ter against the cold, (0 with cheir Botele ot Strong
ater in their Pockets, and Stares in cheir hands,
therbesantomonnethe Pike, themay being justliich
as therhad passed the nighe betore, but much more
Acep, and continued on till they came to the Mat
pays, or Ctons may, irhich may be about halt a mile
From the place wherechor lay; This Cony may lieth
upon a very Eccp alcent, andis compounded ot abun-
dance oF Ctones Which lie hollo and loose, lome ot
them oF a valc prodigious bignels, and others of them
Tmaller, in Cuch manner as it cher had been chromn
up chere br lome Parthquake, as the Author con
scetures rith. very great probabilier. In the clam-
brins ux chesestones ther took great care in placine
their Cepson Tuch of chemas vere more trm For Fear
et Dippins or cumblins so asto break their Lcg5 Or
APMS.
Wich chisdisticulty they ascended till chey came to
thc Care rhichhe conjecturesto be about three quar-
ters oF amile distane trom the beginnins of thestony
Way.
Atthis Care ther Found sereral pertons irho ivere
comethitherto get out Ice to carry domn into the
iBand, some oF irhich irere belo in the Care
diggine

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digoins Tce which as very chick, ochers remained
abore. Ther Found the mouth ot the Care aboue
chrec rardshigh, and erro rardsbroad; and being a1
oF them desirousto descendintoit, by a Rope Fastned
about their bodies under their armpits ther vere sII
one alcer another lec dorn into it eill they came to
set cheir Fcet uponthe Tce, Wrhich is abOut (IXtCCH OK
eiohteen tooc trom the mouth.
The Care is noc rery large, but fuil oF mater and
Icc, trhich at the cime irhen ther vere there lay
about a Foot underthe Surtace oF the ater, thouxh
the men chaE uTualIY 50 chithor laid ch aE at ocher
times ther found the Pce abore the rater, wrhich
makces many to suppole that it cbbs and Aorsbr means
OF Lome secret entercourse that it may have with the
Sea, theraverring chat they have (cen ic empeying oe
It(CIF.
Buc chisGentleman (o Poon as ever he came donmn
fixt his ere upon a Rone that lar just abore the Sy
perticies oF the mater, and obserred very diliventie
buc coutdnot in all thespace chathestaid there, whicM
Was halEan hour, find it cither increase or diministi,
Wrhich makeshim beliere chac che Fulnels or emptinels
oF the mater may rather procced trom those chicke
f0gs and milts wrhich arc generallr on chetop, an4
irhich hinder the Pihe From being scen lometimes For
errentr, thirer, nar, Forty dapstogether, exceptonly
just at cherisins or lettins oF thesun, chough at lome
Other times it happens allothat the AIr is clearer, and
the Pike may be seen perhraps for a month togethers
lrom chele milts he conceires at lome times much
ater mar be collected at the upper parts oF the Dihe
and Conkins domnmay noc only Cupply, buc increale
che water in the Care; and consonant to this IIypo.
thehishe obserred rhilst. he was there, thacthere nas
a continual glcetins and droppins oE mater in lIX OP
seren places trom the Cides oF the Cares ihieh drop.
pinsshe suxpolesmas be greater or lels accordins 28
those

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etiose Fors domore or less encompals il, or Bay about
it a lonser or Borter time; Ile judoes allo thaCEherO
mar be Lome other more secret vays Boch tor cha
conrerins ater into and ouc of the laid Cave than
thole droppines, buc suppolesthem to procced From
the atorelaid f0g5. Ilence he concludes wrhen the
Airis clear, and none ot thole Pors condensed aboue
theHlill, themater in the Care must necessarily de-
crease. And that mich contirmed him the more in
ehis opinion was that erhen he came totheverr cop
Ot thie Pike, he Found che carth under him (0 very
mosle, chatit ras like mud or morter, and miphe be
made into Paste as by experiment he Found irhich he
conjectures could no mars be caused by the wind op
clear Air, trhich is rather drving and consuminq ot
moiture, but mult proceed trom the Fogs or mists
Wrhich arc aborethevery top oF the Pike.
FIe Furcher tooknotice in the Care that upon tho
Cides and top thereofthere grem a lnom-rhite Furrine
likce Saleperer, Wrtrich had a kind ot Caltimtaste, lome
OF irtich he sathered and brousht back with him to
Fneland to have it examined.
AEter about halE an hours Ccay in the Care, irhich
cher Found marmer than without in the open RII,
ther vere allpulledup again, and procceded Formard
intheir Tourner by continuing to clamberup chestonr
war, Wrhich lasted till ther came to che Fo0t oF thaC
part ot themountain irhich is calledthe Sugar- IOaF,
byrealon chat ac a distance From the IMand it ap pearS
OF that Mape, as it doth allo eren mhen rou arc atit.
The distance oF chis place fromthe Care they judged
Eo BC about hale a mile, but che way much moro
Recp and alcendins than che Former pare of thectony
ray, and extreme troublelom to pass, their Feet Tink-
ins and Dippins donn again almost as much as ther
conld srideupmards, (0 that ther concluded it che
mostpaintul oFall; horverer, persistins in cheie en-
dearours, atcer mans times rectins chemlelres, they
cained

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pained thecop, irhichther conceire mighe be aboue
HaIFa mile higher.
The very cop they found noc plain but verr
Rockyand uneren, and in the midole chereot a dccp
hole; the outside o this top this Gentleman con-
ceired mighe beabout a quarter oF a mile round about
on the outside.
Thisholehe conceired to be the mouth oF a Vul-
cano trhich hach Formeriy been in that place, For
even ac that rime wrhils ther vere there much
monk aCcended ont ot Ceverl hales and chinks ot
cheRocks, and thc carch in dirers parts Was siIl (0
verr hocasto be very oftentire to their teet chrouoh
cheir Booes, and he obserred Brimstone thronn vo
in several places, oF Wrhieh he collected lome, and
brouoht back michhimto Ensland.
Fromthis place mar bc scen in a clear day aIl the
sx adiacent IBands, butthe reather being thensome-
wrhat chick and hazy, ther could discorer none bue
the orand Canaries, Palm, and the Gromera, Whieh
lact, though diltant near eight L eagues trom ehe BOr-
tom ot the Pihe Scemed ver lonear unto chem as il it
hadbeenalmost under chem. The rest ot the IMands
cher coulddiscorer nhereabout they lar by meansot
a kind ot irhice cloud hangins on them, but chey
could noc dilcernthe IMands chroush those clonds.
Here cher tried cheir Cordial Wacers irhich chey
carried intheir Pockets, but Found them nOt to abatC
et their ulual srensth, and become cold and insipid
asfair Water, 25 several had positirely averred to him
chatthes had Found it, but he conceired chem to DC
very muchoF che Came nature and srengch thac chey
vere of betore they rere carried up, irhich he sup.
Poles to bebyreason ot their arririns ac the top l0
latc.
ACcer they had Cazed on the top about an HOUE,
and Patissied chemselres in observine such chines q5
ches mere able, ches descendod asain wich very much
Facilitu,

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Faciliti, and came to the Stancia aboue cleven oF the
clock, Wrhere chey dincd, and thenee about one in che
ACcernoon (et Formards For che. Villa, Wrhere ther ar-
rived that alcernoon about Aivethat F vening.
ACcer their return they Found their Faces (by rea-
son oF cheheat oF the Sun, and the parchins subtil
Wind) cocasttheir stins.
Fre didnot meature the Perpendicular heighe orthe
TTiIIhim elE, buc Pars that he hath been informed by
divers siltul Scamen, (Who by cheirbest observation
have calsen the heishe oFit) chat it is betreen chrec
and cour miles perpendicularly abOre ThCSCa.
Nthis Relation it is very remarkable:
 Pirst, thac this prodigious high ETill is the Product
ot an Farthquakze, and seems heretotore tohare Becn
a Vulcano, or burnins Mlountain, like thole oF Ana-
Vesuvius, Hecla, ec. though at present it hach only
tire enough letc to Pend Forth lome ferr Culphureous
tumes, and to makse thecarth oF the Caldera or hoi-
lor picat therery top chereot in lome places almost
hoc cnouoh to buen their Mooesthat pals overit. And
Posbly in succceding Ages eren this licele tire may bc
quite extinet, and thenno othertion thereot mar bc
lett buc a prodigiousr high Rock or lpiring Moun-
tain, Wrhich in eraet oftime may by degreesmaste and
bediminished into a FTiIl oF amoremoderate heigHt. 
Nom as this TTill Peems very evidently to bc the
effectot an Barchquake, (0 P am apt to beliere that
molt, iE noc all ocher Hills oF the morid Whacever
mar have been the lame mar generated. Nay, nOL
ontr aII the FTIIIS, Buc also che Land irtrich appears
aborethetace oF theaters. And For this I could
produce very many Tristories and Arguments chat
rould makre it leem verr probable, but chat I reserre
them inthe Lectures wrhich P read ot this subject in
Cresam Collcde in the vears 1664, and 1665.
erhich Wrhen P can hare time to peruse lmay publist.
Pherein

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Therein Imade ie probable chat most IMandshare
been chronn up by Tome subterraneous Pruptions.
Such is the IDand OF Ascension, che Moluccas, _2C.
Secondlr, chae most pare oF the Surtace oF the
Farch hachbeen lince the C reation changed in its po-
sition and height in respect oF the Sca, to rit, many
parts rhich are no der Land, and lie abore thesca,
hare Been in Former Ares covered with ic; and
that manz parts, Which are nom corered richtheSCa,
vere in former times dey Land. Mountains have
been Cunke into Plains, and Plains hare beenraised
intomountains.
OF chese by obserrations I hare siven instances,
and Beed that divers pARES OF Fneland hare in FOr-
mer times been corered with the Sca, there beine
Found ac chis day in the most TMland paTES FhCTCOF CuF-
ficient evidences toprore it, towit, Shells oF divers
(OTES OF Filbes, mans oE Wrhich vet remain ol ehe ani-
mal substance, though others De Found petrified and
converredintostone. Some oF theleare Found railed
tothe topsoF thehiphest Mountains, others Cunk in-
tothe boctoms oF the decpest Mines and WellS, nay,
in the very bovels of the Mountains and Ouarries et
Stonc. Phare added also divers other instances to
prove che Pame chins OF Other PANES OF Furope, and
haremanifested, noc only chat che lorver and plainer
partsthereol hare been under the Sea, but that eren
the highest Alpine and Pyrenean Mountains have run
the lame Fate. Many Instances oEthe likre nature Thave
allomet ith in Relations and obserrations made in
the Fast asrellasinthe W est Indies,
OF all irtrich Strange occurrences I can conceire no
causemore probable than Farthquakces and (uibcerra-
neous Fruptions Which Histories do Culticiently asture
ustrave changed sea into Land, and Land into Sea,
Vales into Nountains Pometimes, into Lates and
Aby Resat Ocher times; and the contrary unless re
may be allored to suxpole that the mater or Auid
Pa2E

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part oFche carth which corcred che whole at FrI,
and aftermard che grearest parethereot, mistie in ma-
ny Ages and lons procels of time be malted, bybcing
Arst raise dinto che Atmolphere in rapours, and chence
by che diurnal, buc principally by che annual motion
chereot be los into chearher, or medium chrough
Wrhich icpasses, lomerhae like chac maltins irhich I
hare obserred cobe in Comets, and hare noted ic in
my Cometa: Or unlelsremar be allored to suppole
chac this Auid part is masted by che pecrifaction and
Axation oFsuchparts oFic as have Fallen on theL and
and Hills, and nerer recurnedto AII up the meature ot
chc Sca, out oCrhich ic mas exhaled, For wrhich ve-
ry much may be Caid to makre it probable chat the
mater oF the carthis this ay dails diministied.
Or unlels (Cincc e areascertained by observations
chat che direction oF the Axis oF the carth is chansed,
ond gromnnearer the Polar Star than Formerly; thac
cheMagnetilm or Magnetical POles are raried, and do
daily more trom theplaces ihere they lately ere,
and chac chere are ottier great and noted changes ef-
Fected in ths carth) e may be allored to conceive
chatthe Central point of che attractire or gravitatin
porver oE che carth hachinlons procels ot timebeen
changed and removed allo Farcher trom us torrards
oux Ancipodes, rrhence mould Follon a recels
OF thematers Erom chele parts of themortdtothole,
and an appearance of mans parts aborethe Curtace ot
the mater inche Form oF Illands, and oE other places
Formerly abore che seanom in che torm ot Moun.
tains, (o to continue till by the libration or other-
rays recurmins motion chereof ic repossels its Former
seat and place, and orerrhelms agaim all chole places
erhich in che interim had been dey anduncorered rith
chereturn of che lame ater, Cince nothine in nature
is Found exempe trom che Pate oF chanse and Cor-
ruption.
Furher,

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Further, dE Is probable chac P arthguakes may have
been much more Frequent in Former Ages than they
havebeenin chele lacter, the consideration oF ertrich
Wwiis possibly make chis APertion nor (0 P’aradoxical a8
at Erst hearing it may scem tobe; though even chele
latter Ases harendt been Whollr barren oE Instances
oF thebeing and effects ot them, to convince vou oE
Wrhich Pharehereunto subjorned a Relation and ac-
conntoF onc vers nemly trhrich hapned incheIACOF
Palmaarione the Canaries.
NexE, the clearness ot the Air is very remarkea.
ble, Wrhich made an IMand irhich lay cight Lcagues
OfF to look as il it vere close br. To chis purpole
Thare oftentaken notice oF the great difference there
isbecreen the Air very nearthe lorver surtace ot the
Parth, and that ihich is ac a 800d distance From ic;
That wrhich is very near che carth beins generally (0
thick and opacousthatbodies cannocat any consider-
ble distance beseen distinetly chrouon ic: But the Far=
ther chc ere and object are elerated abore this chick
Air, the more clear do the objects appear. And I
hare divers times taken norice chat itie lame object
seen trom chetop and bortom of a high Tower hach
appeared erice as Far Of When (een at che BOccom aS
irtien scen at the top: Forthe Fyedoch very muen
judee ot the distance oF Objects accordinq as the
Denttr oE the Air berreenthe Eye and Object docti
reprelent them. Hence Phare Peen men look ot Gi
ranciek bignels in a Fog, caused by reason that the
Fogmade chelire judge che object much Farther OH
thanreallr it as, irhren ac the lame time che visible
Anole alcered not. This greatthicknels oF the lorver
Air is sufticientr manifest in the Coelestial bodies, Ferr
OF the fixt Stars or smaller Planets being visible
till cherarea considerable ar raised abore che FIO-
r2ZOn.
Thechird remark abont the moistnels OF the FOGS,
andche production oE rater at chac heighe Pharebe.
TOrc

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Poreimlulteao ns el alere Colculat tog5 chat
Pendicular hetsht ot thelame, buc tor a close oE this
present collection TMaII add the Bhort acconnt oF the
Cruption rhich lacels hapned in che Palma.
this Cencleman oolertem  cue trobucios passed is
rery remartare ler che origine ot Sprinss.
PVet MaL ids any chins concernine the rast per-
A true Relation of the Vulcanos mhichbroke out in
the istand of the Palma PVovemb. 13. 2677.
aturday the chirtcenth OF November 1677. aquar -
 ter oC an hour alter Sun. set hapned a Making or
Farchquatse in the IMand OF St. Michaet de la Palma,
onc oF the Canary IIlands, From the lorrer Pyrenna
and mithin a League oF the Cier unto the Port ot
Fassacorte, Wrhich is accounted chirtcen L cagues dictant
alons the Coalt, buc more especialls at or about a
Place called Fvencaliente, beins seren Lengues From
theTomntothe Southmards. The tremblinq oF thc
carth as oblerred to be more Frequene and violent
than ellerhere, and (o it continued till Wednesday
thc 17. ditto. The People thereabouts ere much
altriohted, For belides the Farthquakre chere Was olten
licard a chundring noise as inthe borels oF che carch
on a Plain called che Canios, Which isbetore vou come
10 che great descent torardsthe Sea, ihere thehot
Bachs stand, or the holy Fountain; likcerise at the
alcent Ecom ehe aforelaid Plain uparas dC IMC great
and mearilom Tlill, Called Cnesta Cansacta, and until thc
Mountain oFCroatyards, and che lame day in and about
the Caid places mentioned, che Farch Began to open
Tereral mouths, the sreacese ot them upon the laid
Coat Mountain, beins dictant trom theSea a mileand
anhalt, and Erom cha laid operins came Fortha vers
BreaE

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preatheat and sineil oF Brimctone; andche lame day, an
hour BCTOre Sun-Pet at one oF the months ofthe mea
rilom FTill Was a trembling thereabou mich more vio-
lence than any ofthe four dars betore; and a great and
black (moak came Forth with a terrible chundringnoile,
openins a verr wide mouth, and chroming ouc mueti
tire, rith melted Rocks andctones; and immediately
afcer at another place cishey paces belon hapned the
likre cerrible noise and Gioht, and in lels than a quarter
OFan hour alter thereopened to the quancier ofcion-
teen months torrards the foot ot the Paid Mountaims.
andthere ifsued ouc tre, melcea LOcks, arc ocher Bitu-
MInOUS MAEter FrOm all the Paid mouths, and WaS pre-
Senely Formed into a great River oF re, Wrhich tookits
course over the Arst mentioned Plain, Donly goine
domntomardsthe Paid holy Fountain; but it pleased
Cod beins come michineight spaces oE the Brink ot
the Caid oreat descent, it turned a lictle on the riont
Fde, and tooh its course with a verr great tall eo-
rards the old Port, trhich is that vhich Was APA
entred by the Spaniards wrhen cher took the
IBandS.
Firidas chemineteenth ac erro a clock in the aEcer-
noon in the atorelaid Mountain OF CiOaCS, On the OtHeE
Side oF Fassacorte, there opened anocher mouch
rich much (moak and sones oF sire, and (0 closed
2sain. BuE the next day (thetmentiech) it began
again to smoak, and continued rith great erem-
blins and noile in the bovels oE the Rarth uneil
Sunday che tveney sirsc ac noon, wrhen with many
Aactinos oF sire, and a greater thundring noise it
Einistred chat openins oE thac. monctrous bieth, cast-
ins up intothe Air Boch sire arid stones, and ac nighe
thelmoak ceasinz, the thundrinsnoise, sire and ctones.
increaled, Forcing great hery stones Cohigh into the
Rir as we loK CighEOF them, and with uch violence
senc them upmards chat according tothe best judo-
ment chey irero hre times longer in Falline donro,
irhiict

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irtich stones or Rocks ere observed to be Bioger
than a FIormead; and irhat asmostto beadmired
ras, that thesebreakins in the Air, and changing into
mans several Chapes, distinctly appearing, vet not-
Wichscandine did reunite again infallins donn.
Muncay theerventy second it Began again tocast
Forth black moak For trro hours time, and atter to
chunder, and chrom up Ere andsones ith great vio.
Lencc. Tuesday the evener third at noon it (moa-
Ked again, and from thence until nighethere masterri-
ble chundring noise, and castins up oF tirc and stones
more ferce thanbetore; and about nine oF the clock
at nighe a very oreat tremblins of thecarch iras Felt,
and presentlr alcer Follomed three oreat Cones oF Are
inthe torm of Olobes Which ere torced about halt a
League in height, and then like Cranadoes broke in
cheAir withrery great noise. Wednesday thetrvency
Fourch it vas For an hours time very quiet, and
alter it began rith greater Force than ever betore,
By reason chac some OF the lorver and Arst mouths
ere parclr CopE, wich irtich che atorelaid River
ot tire cealed trom runmino, alter ic had dammed ux
thC Bay OF the old PorE, rich burne and melted
RockSand SconeS, and other matter Wheremith the
Paid Rirer had run, and had Forced the Sea back-
rardabore a Musguet Bhoc ac random andnear twice
28 much in breadth. Ic ran into the Sca above CIXty
Daces. What Fell into the sea ment congealine rith
a sreat Imoak, irtrac came alter, Forced and ran
over that trhich wene BetOre, (O THaL the Imoak as
very greatmans paces wichin chesca, 25 tar 25 seven
Fathoms depeh, irhich causod mans men to imagine
thac Come Tuch like Pulcano had opened under the
Sea in the Caid leren Fachoms depth. This night it
cast ux fome sones like great Aery Olobes as thc
FOrmer.
Thursday EnC EIVEHEY AETh it prOed YeC OTE
riolene chan erer mich chundrins noise and AaCes OF
AKC.

## Folio 55 — 859264114:0065
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fire. Friday the eventu Exct, the month THAE Was
at ehe toot ot che. Mountain began again to cast up a5
much Arc and stones as ever, and Formed ero otter
Rirersithe one taking its course to L cemard ofthe sipst
Rirer leading corrard the Rockscalled de los Facosos;
and theothertook its waz tomindmard oFche ArIt, di.
rectly tomardsthe Bathes or Holr Fountain; aud in
ehis entrance the mouth of the Monntain ias obser-
ved to bemore quier, chough it cast up much attes
like black (maII Cand. What dammage appears to
have been donc Fram ire heginninae tn chie day che
errener sixch oF November, beins oE chirteen dars con-
tinvance, hath been about nine or ten Country
Houles burne, besides Out houles, and great Cilterns
forrater, Wrhich are the poor Peoples only Remedu
inthose paris, and uprards of chree hundred ACres
ot oround are quire spoiled, beins corered with
ROckS, StoneS, and ocher Rubbis and Sand; and
iF, (rrhich Cod detend) che Caid Vulcano do lonrer
continue, che damase mult De Farpreater, especiallu
il any other mouth Mould break out higher, a5 it is
much Fcared, byreason the carth in Lome places dorh
open wich appearances as ac FrIt, (0 chac aII about FMaL
circuit oF the Fvencalliente wiil Bc loct; and For Wtrat
already hapned, and y et continues with muehterroui,
besides the tears of more in other paris chereabont
the Tnhabitanes do leare their Ciabitations, and like
Poor distressed people (cek reliet at the Cier, and
mans leare the IMand 1o seck cheir Fortunes in che
Others.
From thetventr Eixthof November, that the atore-
Paid Relation mas sent For Teneriff by the Chamber oF
this IMand unco the General, tne Caid Vulcano con-
rinveth fierce and without ceasinq; rather more
chanless, rith a cerrible chundrins noise, casting up
Fire, Siones, Rocks, andblack Aes, and thethree
Rivers oF Pire Nill rumnine into the sea, and hath
nom dammedup allthe Bachs and holy l’ouncain, t0

## Folio 56 — 859264114:0066
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ehe preat detriment oF the Iand, that ycarly recei-
ved a great benehit cherebr, besides many damages
dayir added co the FOrmer. Several ocher mouchs
hare Cince opened in che likre drcadtul manner near
about the lame place, re sec the sreac (moalE by
dar, and hear the chunder and noise, like the MOOE-
ins oftotmans Cannons, and by niohe sec allo muctu
OE chetre very hioh in che Air trom this Cier, erhich
is one and errener miles From it.
WVe arenon at thecleventh oE December, and Fear
We all havemore en vrice to voubr chCMEXI.
Other Lecrers oF chethirtieth oE December mention.
thac it then contined muchat one as betore; and since
others of che mineteenth ol Tannary CaV, iC IS YCC a5
dreadtul as ever, and sitele lihelihood ot ceasing;
Erom thethirteenth oF November chat ic began to the
nineteenth oF Tannary is about ten Wecksthac ic hach
burnez and the lat Letters mention abundance dt
AMes orblack Sand torced into the Air, and carried
all orer the IPand, Fallins chick likce Rain, and Fre-
queney sachered in theCier, in che Scrects, Houles,
and Cardens, choushseren Leagues oH.
F R R A T A.
PEPUUM, OF PAECICIPaTE NOE OF IES OcIOM. P. 14, l. + L. for SCHBCMr. humber.
l.22. Y. OCCaHBHS HAI OC. P.15. 6.6. 3. L b 1NC. bo 12. 1. Aare Ot LlaltICIEY
15. P. 28. l. 29. Y. Cqual 1O cen. P. 42. l. 12. Y. ErOm Orat aVdo l. L2. P. Or Souch-
CaB idC. P 42. l. 9. TOT PTANSIS P. FPAH6IS.
PDASC ZO. line 23. TW LIIC OEHCL, DIZ. CHCMOFAHHB. 1. 20. Pat C PalCS.
L b. 1). _ 18. r. VibratiONS ChereOE, buC AIL SOIaS ABCACTALC CITaLHICM-

## Folio  -  — 859264114:0067
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MacorelicheisM
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## Folio  -  — 859264114:0068
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## Folio  -  — 859264114:0069
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